Botucatu - FCA - Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas

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Impact and flexural properties of ABS biocomposites reinforced with coir fiber
(2022-01-01) de Souza, Milena Chanes [UNESP]; Moroz, Ivan [UNESP]; Reis, Victor [UNESP]; Cesarino, Ivana [UNESP]; Leão, Alcides Lopes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers can generate benefits and be strategic within the circular economy concept, since they can present enhanced mechanical properties, lower production cost, lower density, higher biodegradability and cause less damage to the environment. Coir fiber is easy to access, cheap, has low density and good mechanical properties, presenting perfect properties to be used as reinforcement in composites. In this study, the development of coir fiber-reinforced biocomposites is proposed, to be used mainly as table covers, travel bags, car and aircraft interior panels, among other applications. High stiffness and fair ductility, in addition to having low density, are desirable properties. For this purpose, biocomposites were developed with different coir fiber concentrations (0%, 20%, and 50%) and mechanical properties were evaluated via impact strength and flexural tests. Results of mechanical testing indicated the influence of fiber addition on performance, causing a reduction of impact strength and flexural strength while improving flexural moduli and yielding stiffer materials. The poor interface adhesion between matrix and fiber could be observed by scanning electron microscopy, and was responsible for strength reduction which may be countered by means of additives utilization. Therefore, new studies must be developed to add coupling agents and thus improve fiber adhesion with the matrix. Overall, ABS/coir fibers obtained in this report show interesting potential for practical use representing an option for lower cost, green, sustainable, and renewable biocomposites aligned with the circular economy concept.
Eucalyptus pests
(2022-01-01) Barbosa, Leonardo Rodrigues; Domingues, Maurício Magalhães [UNESP]; Wilcken, Carlos Frederico [UNESP]; Zanuncio, José Cola; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Federal University of Viçosa
The area with plantations of trees of the genus Eucalyptus and Corymbia is of more than 20 million hectares in the world. In Brazil, those of the Eucalyptus genus occupy 77% of the total area of planted forests. These plantations are threatened by native and exotic pest insects, which can limit wood production if not managed properly. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce pest insects to Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. The main species are mentioned and the aspects of biology, injury, damage and monitoring, and control strategies described for the most important ones. Technologies, especially biological control, are discussed for the management of these pests. The management of eucalyptus pests in Brazil has contributed to reducing the problems with exotic pests in these crops.
Forest Diseases in Brazil: Status and Management
(2020-01-01) Furtado, Edson Luiz [UNESP]; de Jesus Junior, Waldir Cintra; Moraes, Willian Bucker; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar); Espírito Santo Federal University (UFES)
Brazil has an area of 851.6 million ha, of which over 477 million ha is covered with natural forest and other 7.84 million ha has commercial forest plantations. The latter are dominated by non-native species: eucalypts, pines, teaks, acacia, poplars, gmelina, and African mahogany, which occupy 96% of forestry areas, while native species like rubber tree (Hevea spp.), “cuiabano” pine (Schizolobium amazonicum), and swamp cedar (Calophyllum brasiliense) occupy 4%. Surveys conducted over the last two decades have shown important diseases and damage for cultivated species: Eucalyptus, Austropuccinia psidii (myrtaceous rust); Hevea, Microcyclus ulei (South American leaf blight). In this chapter you can obtain more details about the management of these diseases so dangerous to the world.
Nano-biodegradation of plastic materials
(2022-01-01) Leão, Alcides Lopes [UNESP]; Cesarino, Ivana [UNESP]; de Souza, Milena Chanes [UNESP]; Dias, Otavio Augusto Titton; Jawaid, Mohammad; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of Toronto; Universiti Putra Malaysia
The role of nanotechnology in the fabrication of next-generation nanocomposites based on cellulose derivatives has been suggested to be an important factor in advanced modern technologies for reinforcement purposes and for functional tunability. In this context, nanotechnology has attracted much attention with respect to its promising properties and broad range of applications in several fields such as structural components, ballistic protection, electronics, food science, and drug delivery. It is well established that incorporation of nanoparticles into polymer matrices can improve certain properties of the nanocomposites. However, the influence of the chemical characteristics of the nanofillers on the biodegradability properties of the nanocomposites is not fully understood. This chapter proposes a comprehensive understanding on the effect of cellulose-based nanoparticles on biodegradation properties of a variety of nanocomposite materials. The trade-off between biodegradability and stability of the material is still challenging. The appropriated balance between them will be studied to design robust and sustainable products. Future applications are envisaged to exploit the degree of biodegradability of nanocomposites for more economically viable routes, paving way for cost-effective and sustainable bio-based and biodegradable plastics.
Rootstocks and potassium fertilization on yield performance and quality of ‘Niagara Rosada' grapevine under subtropical conditions
(2022-01-01) Callili, Daniel [UNESP]; Silva, Marlon Jocimar Rodrigues da [UNESP]; Sánchez, Camilo André Pereira Contreras [UNESP]; Basílio, Letícia Silva Pereira [UNESP]; Macedo, Bruno Marcos De Paula [UNESP]; Teixeira, Luiz Antonio Junqueira; Lima, Giuseppina Pace Pereira [UNESP]; Tecchio, Marco Antonio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais
The current study aimed to assess the influence of rootstocks (‘IAC 572' and ‘IAC 766') and potassium fertilization with different sources (KCl and K2SO4) and concentrations (0, 75, 150 and 300 kg ha-1 K2O) regarding to yield performance and grape quality of ‘Niagara Rosada', as well as the variation of K availability in soil. Thus, yield components; physical characteristics of bunches and berries; chemical composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of grape berry; leaf K content; and variation of K availability in soil were evaluated in two consecutive seasons (2017 and 2018). Results showed no influence of rootstocks on yield performance of ‘Niagara Rosada'; however, grapevines grafted on to ‘IAC 766' produced berries with higher concentration of total flavonoids and anthocyanins. Furthermore, KCl provided higher concentration of total flavonoids and anthocyanins compared to K2SO4. In general, potassium sources had similar effects on the variation of K availability in soil. Results indicated that there was small effect between K doses with regards to production and qualitative parameters. We therefore estimated a fertilization rate of 150 kg ha-1 K2O to maintain K concentration in soil after each production cycle.
Natural fibres for geotextiles
(2020-01-28) de Souza, Sivoney Ferreira; Cherian, Bibin Mathew [UNESP]; Leão, Alcides Lopes [UNESP]; Kozłowski, Ryszard M.; Thomas, Sabu; Physical Chemistry; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); FAO/ESCORENA European Cooperative Research Network on Flax and other Bast Plants; Mahatma Gandhi University
Geotextiles prepared with natural fibres are an emerging technology with versatile applications. The differential is their intrinsic features such as renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, lower cost and carbon footprint compared to the traditional materials. In the present chapter, key properties are addressed. Many aspects of the main geotextiles are described including chemical composition, physical structure and types of mats according to its functional need. Also, the possibility of using different designs, shapes, composition due to the versatile range of natural fibre sources, can promote great interactions with the soil, it can helps to delay crack development in asphalt, the restraint of soil through filtration and drainage when the filter cake is formed; it can control the erosion and helps the vegetative growth; reinforcement of civil construction in pavement and rail road; and others. Technical aspects, construction processes and long-term durability are described and the perspectives to develop this supply chain.
Bionanocomposites for Natural Food Packing
(2013-03-12) Cherian, Bibin Mathew [UNESP]; De Olyveira, Gabriel Molina; Costa, Ligia Maria Manzine; Leão, Alcides Lopes [UNESP]; De Morais Chaves, Marcia Rodrigues; De Souza, Sivoney Ferreira; Narine, Suresh; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Federal University of ABC; University of Sagrado Coração; Trent University
Food packaging is essential for preserving food during the period between production and ultimate consumption. Considering the current problems associated with food production, such as global warming, rising demand for food, occasioned by increased population, reduced arable land, competition between food and fuel production, it is necessary to adopt measures aimed at reducing food losses. Nanotechnology applied to packaging emerges as an effective alternative to minimize losses and increase food security Nanomaterials confer greater chemical, physical and biological resistance to packaging, and increase food shelf life. Moreover, packaging represents an environmental problem after use since it is produced from petroleum-based polymers, and is nonrenewable and non-biodegradable. It also contributes to the vast amount of waste disposal as well. In this context, the development of packaging based on renewable and biodegradable materials such as starch and cellulose, is critical to the sustainability of the food system. Due to the technological problems of the matrices, nanomaterials play a fundamental role in obtaining biodegradable packaging with efficiency similar or superior to traditional packaging. In this chapter we will present an overview of recent scientific studies related to obtaining bionanocomposites for application in food packaging, especially in films, considering its properties and relations between different nanomaterials and matrices. The toxicological aspects of bionanocomposites are also briefly discussed. © 2013 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.
Enhancing the medicinal properties of agaricus subrufescens by growing practices
(2012-02-01) Zied, Diego Cunha [UNESP]; Alegría, Francisco José Gea; Giménez, Arturo Pardo; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Centro de Investigación, Experimentación y Servicios del Champiñón (CIES)
The Agaricus subrefescens Peck [A. blazei (Murrill) ss. Heinemann] mushroom has been widely studied in various parts of the world, due to its medical and pharmacological properties. As substances of interest, the cell wall of the fungi contains polysaccharides called β-glucans, which have a structural function. During the 1980s, the A. subrufescens mushroom was imported to Japan due to its alleged health effects and is widely used today in Oriental countries both as an edible mushroom, considered a functional food, and as a natural therapy in the form of a medicinal extract, used mostly for the prevention and treatment of cancer. In accordance with Brazilian tradition, it could be useful against a variety of diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, hepatitis, hypercholesterolemia and heart disease, among others. The mushroom is commercialized in several countries as a nutraceutical product, which is a novel class of dietary supplements, including partially refined extract or dried biomass from the mushroom made into a capsule or tablet. In general, the compositional analysis of A. subrufescens mushrooms is water (84-87%), protein (30-33%), fat (0.82-1.3%), fiber (5.6-6.8%) and minerals (5.9-7.1%), with β-glucan contents between 4.4 and 6.9 g 100 g-1 of mushroom. Active metabolites can be isolated from basidiomes; pure culture mycelia, culture filtrate, and currently numerous attempts are in progress to obtain active metabolites from the mycelia through submerged fermentation culture due the cheaper preparations. The first separation of active anticancer compounds purified from the sodium hydroxide extract of the fruit body occurred in 1989. Following this achievement, several controversies have arisen, mainly regarding the nutraceutical quality of the extracts obtained and in relation to the tests conducted, emphasizing that the chemical composition and the stage of maturity of the mushrooms, as well as the cultivation practices used in growing them, are crucial to obtaining quality basidiomes with high concentrations of β-glucans. Thus, in this book chapter, the problems arising from the variability of the content of β-glucans of mushrooms due to different practices and growing techniques adopted for the A. subrufescens production are discussed. To achieve this, five strains (ABL 99/28, ABL 99/30, ABL 03/44, ABL 04/49 and ABL 06/59), cultivated in three composts (Massai straw + sugar cane bagasse, oat straw + sugar cane bagasse and Aruana straw + sugar cane bagasse), with four casing layers (soil + charcoal, soil + coconut fiber, soil + peat moss and soil + composted pine bark) in four growing environments (climatized chamber, greenhouse with a transparent plastic film, greenhouse with a milky-white plastic film and greenhouse with a Duplalon® plastic film) were studied, with the aim of analyzing the variability of β-glucan content in the harvested mushroom and the agronomic performance of the growing practices. The ABL 04/49 strain cultivated with Massai straw and sugar cane bagasse showed the highest concentrations of β-glucans, but not a best yield, which was achieved by the ABL 99/30 strain cultivated with oat straw + sugar cane bagasse and obtained good β-glucan content and high yield. For agronomic performance, soil + composted pine bark was highlighted, influenced by the cultivation environment, to achieve high yield. Finally, following the presentation of a series of results, the creation of a growing protocol is suggested, which seeks to adopt cultivation practices that enhance the presence of β-glucans in the mushrooms. © 2012 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Essential oils: History, biosynthesis, and agronomic aspects
(2012-07-01) Marques, Marcia Ortiz M.; Facanali, Roselaine; Haber, Lenita L.; Vieira, Maria Ap. R. [UNESP]; Agronomic Institute of Campinas; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Essential oils constitute important raw materials for the food, beverage,pharmaceutical, and perfumery industries. The production and chemical composition ofessential oils are influenced by genetic and agronomic factors, among others. Thischapter discusses the chemistry of essential oils, especially the historical, biosynthetic,and agronomic aspects. © 2012 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Genetic characterization of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and Yam (Dioscorea trifida L.) landraces in Swidden agriculture systems in Brazil
(2012-01-01) Veasey, Elizabeth A.; Bressan, Eduardo A.; Siqueira, Marcos V. B. M.; Borges, Aline; Queiroz-Silva, Jurema R.; Pereira, Kayo J.C.; Recchia, Gustavo H.; Ming, Lin Chau [UNESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Swidden or slash and burn agriculture begins in prehistory and has been modified by humans with the addition of various components through its evolution (Martins 2001). In pre-Columbian times, only some indigenous people of the Americas became involved in agriculture. In North America, the Atlantic tribes reached this stage. All the Central American tribes cultivated the soil, whereas in South America the traditional swidden field is an inheritance from the Indians, who used fire to burn the woods and subsequently prepare fields for cultivation for three consecutive years (Oliveira et al. 1994). As productivity declines owing to depletion of soil nutrients, the area is abandoned, leading the way for ecological succession. Once abandoned, fields are allowed to return to a more natural state as native plant and tree species reclaim the field. As a result, over a period of time soil nutrient levels can return to pre-disturbance levels, although the resulting ecosystems often retain a preponderance of plant species used by humans. While recovering, abandoned fields (also known as “swiddens”) are typically used by humans as a source of fruits, nuts, fibers, medicinal plants, and game. Once ecosystem recovery is sufficiently advanced, the field may be used again for cultivation (Cornell and Miller 2007). This agriculture model, which uses low energy input and intense family labor, is practiced in different regions of the world, such as the cultivation of rice fields in Asia and the itinerant cropping systems in Africa (Martins 2001, Altieri 2002). In Brazilian swidden agriculture, the generation and amplification of crop species diversity by farmers has caught the attention of many researchers, as it is related to a complex system of shifting cultivation, manipulation of wild species by transplanting, harvesting of wild species, attraction of game by increasing the density of fruit trees, and a particular spatial arrangement of the plants in the fields. This allows inter- and intraspecific hybridization to occur, which is a key mechanism for the amplification of genetic variability (Martins 1994, 2001). Therefore, the traditional communities are responsible for the maintenance and increase in species biodiversity cultivated and managed by these farmers (Hanazaki et al. 1996). Traditional swidden fields are destined towards subsistence food production, where associated cropping is a constant practice.
Fornecimento de água por meio de irrigação por aspersão para produção de sementes de arroz de terras altas
(2012-03-12) Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre Costa [UNESP]; Toledo, Mariana Zampar; Arf, Orivaldo [UNESP]; Cavariani, Cláudio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)
Physiological quality of rice seeds may be influenced by water deficiency at seed development and filling stages, which is often reported in upland cropping system. This study had the objective of evaluating the effects of sprinkler irrigation system on the improvement of physiological quality of rice seeds produced under upland conditions. wo experiments were carried out in Selvíria-S, Brazil, Ilha Solteira College of Engineering, UNESP, in 1994/1995 and 1995/1996, with the upland rice cultivars 'IAC 201' and 'Carajás'. In both years, rice plants were grown under rainfed and sprinkler-irrigation conditions. Based on the rice crop coefficient (Kc), the following water levels were obtained: L1: 0.5 times the Kc, L2: Kc, L3: 1.5 times the Kc, L4: Kc = 1.95. Weight, germination and vigor of rice seeds were evaluated right after harvest. The experimental design was the completely randomized with four replications. Data was submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey's test (P≤0.05) separately for each cultivar. It was concluded that levels of water varying from 0.5 to 1.5 times the rice crop coefficient, supplied through sprinkler-irrigation system, provide better conditions to produce rice seeds of upland cultivars with higher physiological quality.
Clues on an intraspecific communication system in seed-seedling transition
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2021-03-14) Ribeiro-Oliveira, Joao Paulo [UNESP]; Silveira, Lilian E. D. [UNESP]; Pinto, Lilian V. A.; Silva, Edvaldo A. A. [UNESP]; Hilhorst, Henk W. M.; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU); Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Sul Minas Gerais; Wageningen Univ
How much interactivity is in a seed-seedling transition system? We hypothesize that seed-seed, seed-seedling, and seedling-seedling interactions can drive the early plant development in artificial growth systems directly due to mutual stimulation phenomena. To test the hypothesis, we performed seed germination measurements, gene expression in germination sensu stricto, water dynamics in germinating seeds, and information theory. For a biological model, we used Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. seeds. This is a neotropical species with high intraspecific variability in the seed sample. Our findings demonstrate that the dynamic and transient seed-seedling transition system is influenced by the number of individuals (seed or seedling) in the artificial system. In addition, we also discuss that: (1) the information entropy enables the quantification of system disturbance relative to individuals at the same physiological stage (seed-seed or seedling-seedling), which may be determinant for embryo growth during germination and (2) the intraspecific communication in seed-seedling transition systems formed by germinating seeds has the potential to alter the expression pattern of key genes for embryo development. Therefore, the phenomenon of mutual stimulation during the germination process can be an important aspect of seed-seedling transition, especially in laboratory conditions.
Economic Evaluation of Short Rotation Eucalyptus Plantation Harvesting System: A Case Study
(2017-01-01) Guerra, Saulo Philipe Sebastião [UNESP]; Oguri, Guilherme; Takitane, Izabel Cristina [UNESP]; Caterina, Giulia Lembo [UNESP]; Esperancini, Maura Seiko Tsutsui [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Forestry Science and Research Institute (IPEF)
Recently, the New Holland Company brought to Brazil a forager machine to harvest short rotation coppice (SRC) Eucalyptus plantation focusing on high quantity of low-priced woodchips. There are other harvesting machines available on market and each harvesting system has pros and cons. Since, in general, the harvesting and chipping costs represents the main operational costs, evaluating the economic feasibility of the chosen harvesting system is crucial. Therefore, a case study was conducted to analyse the cost of this new system in Brazil that uses a modified forager harvester and a pulled-tractor silage trailer in SRC Eucalyptus plantation. The cost analysis methodology was adapted from ASABE and the costs obtained were determined in two units: cost per time and quantity harvested in oven-dry ton (odt). The system’s effective field productivity and productivity were 0.44 ha h–1 and 31.0 odt h–1, respectively. The harvest system’s total operational cost was € 258 pmh–1 or € 18.9 odt–1 and the harvester machine was the largest contributor of total cost with fixed total cost of € 87 pmh–1 and € 6.4 odt–1. In spite of high labor charges values and high exchange rates in Brazil, the total estimated cost was cheaper than the ones found in temperate countries. From the total cost, depreciation and fuel consumption were the biggest influences. Thus, the experience levels of the harvester and tractor operators are crucial to this system economy.
Agronomic performance of Safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under different soil bulk density levels in the Oxisol of the Cerrado
(2018-03-01) Paludo, Juliana Terezinha Sasso; Bonfim-Silva, Edna Maria; da Silva, Tonny José Araújo; de Freitas Sousa, Helon Hébano; Zanotto, Maurício Dutra [UNESP]; Fenner, William; Institute of Agricultural and Technological Sciences; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
As intensive farm development can cause changes in soil structure, it is crucial to study cultivars that can adapt to these changes, along with the climatic conditions of the Cerrado of Mato Grosso. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of soil bulk density (weight of soil in a given volume) on the agronomic performance of the safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Mato Grosso in a greenhouse. A completely randomized design in factorial scheme with four replications was selected. The treatments comprised of five soil bulk density levels (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 Mg m-3) and ten safflower genotypes (PI 237538, PI 248385, PI 250196, PI 301049, PI 305173, PI 305205, PI 306596, PI 306603, PI 560202 and PI 613366). The following evaluations were done after completion of the experiments: total shoot dry mass, upper ring root dry mass, intermediate and lower total root dry mass. The data were subjected to the analysis of variance and the means were categorized by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% level of probability. The genotypes and soil bulk density influenced the components in isolation ways. The shoot dry mass production was impaired from the bulk density of 1.10 Mg m-3. For the root dry mass, the limit was 1.04 Mg m-3. In general, from the soil density of 1.20 Mg m-3 the growth and development of safflower genotypes were influenced negatively. The increase in soil density reduced the total root dry mass up to 71.11%.
Curaua fibers - The queen of the fibers
(2017-01-01) Leao, Alcides Lopes [UNESP]; Cesarino, Ivana [UNESP]; Machado, Isaac Stringueta [UNESP]; Kozlowski, Ryszard M.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Institute of Natural Fiber (INF)
Nowadays, the usage of natural resources is under worldwide growing interest. From this perspective, different renewable sources have been studied to replace man-made polymers or even improve the properties of current materials. Considering these aspects, natural fibers appear as a great opportunity and among them curaua (Ananas erectifolius L. B. Smith) fiber has unique properties such as high strength, low density, high fineness and high cellulose content. In addition, due to their mechanical properties and recyclability, it has become a fiber of great interest for developing composites materials. Due to its high cellulose content, curaua fiber is an important potencial source of raw material for producing nanocellulose that can be used to manufacture nanocomposites.
Sustainability of soil, water and forest in tropical forest
(2015-01-01) Rodrigues, Valdemir Antonio [UNESP]; Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban; Tarjuelo, José Maria; Canales, Antonio Ruiz; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Castilla La Mancha University; Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
The sustainability of the system soil-forest-water involves essential variables such as soil conservation and its productive potential, the maintenance of plant’s and animal’s biodiversity, the maintenance of the hydrological processes, the dynamic of surface and groundwater, the intensity of human activities and the use and management plans related to the forest. These are fundamental in the biodiversity and water resources conservation. Considering that soil conservation is the basis of production, forest is essential in soil protection. The sustainability of water in watersheds is provided by both elements. The sustainable development is consolidated by this interactivity. This depends on the boosting of environmental values about nature conservation, management and use of natural resources in a sustainable way for the preservation of life on the planet.
Hydrophysics: Water dynamics in soil profile
(2015-01-01) Rodrigues, Valdemir Antonio [UNESP]; Canales, Antonio Ruiz; Rezende, Marcos Antonio [UNESP]; Costa, Vladimir Eliodoro [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
On its different stages of growth, the vegetation shows the dynamic of the consumption of water from the soil by evapotranspiration. The remaining water is stored according to soil texture and, as time goes by, it reaches the groundwater table. The objective of this work is to study the relation between humidity, density, porosity and shrinkage of the floodplain soil and riparian vegetation and their ability to store water. For this purpose, two locations for every type of soils were evaluated. Both were placed at the Agronomy University (Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas) in São Manuel, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The riparian stands soil had native vegetation, the floodplain soil was vegetated with Southern Cattail (Typha domingensis). In both places, soil samples were collected from several depths: 0, 30, 60 and 100 cm. Results show that lower soil density values (0.15 g/cm3) with organic texture and high porosities values (up to 86.2%) were found in samples with the highest organic material content in the floodplain soil. For this field experiment, flood plains soils (characterized as basin gley soils) presented high volumetric instability with a retratibility of 67.49% and higher water storage capacities compared to riparian stands soils (characterized as fluvic neosoils).
Geotechnology applied to estimate soil loss by water erosion
(2015-01-01) Oliveira, Francienne Gois; Borja, Manuel Esteban Lucas; Seraphim, Odivaldo José [UNESP]; University of Uberaba-Uniube; Castilla La Mancha University; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Water erosion is a major environmental problem that may compromise agricultural areas and the volume of water in a watershed. This paper presents the estimated soil loss in a watershed using Equation Revised Universal Soil Loss- RUSLE applied to a geographic information system. The factors of the RUSLE, rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), topographic (LS), use factors and management conservation practices (CP) were obtained separately and used existing data that has been conducted in the region. In determining the potential erosion of Natural, we used the RKLS factors. All factors were generated and processed in a GIS. The results were obtained by means of maps and were satisfactory. Soil losses, predominately “Low” class, ranked among 0-10 t ha-1 yr-1. The GIS proved to be feasible in the determination of the various factors of Universal Soil Loss Equation, making possible zoning areas with high soil losses and high erosion potential.
The use of pineapple leaf fibers (PALFs) as reinforcements in composites
(2014-09-05) Leão, A. L. [UNESP]; Cherian, B. M.; Narine, S.; Souza, S. F.; Sain, M.; Thomas, S.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Trent University; University of Toronto; Mahatma Gandhi University
Pineapple leaf fibers (PALFs) can be utilized as fabrics for textile materials and in the manufacture of yarns and handicrafts in many countries. The excellent mechanical properties and environmentally sustainable characteristics exhibited by PALFs have triggered the interest of researchers to use the material as a potential reinforcement in structural and non-structural applications. This chapter reviews the properties and applications of PALFs and their composites, and focuses on PALFs extraction, characterization, modification, fabrication and the properties of PALFs reinforced micro- and nanocomposites.
Eficácia do glyphosate e 2,4-d no controle de commelina villosa
(2013) Campos, Caio Ferraz de [UNESP]; Rodrigues, Andreia C. P.; Cardoso, Leonildo Alves [UNESP]; Pereira, Maria Renata Rocha [UNESP]; Souza, Guilherme Sasso Ferreira de [UNESP]; Martins, Dagoberto [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate and 2,4-D alone and in combination, in the control of Commelina villosa. We studied two methodologies for evaluating herbicide absorption in eight time intervals for washing (simulating rainfall after application) and cutting of leaves (simulating abortion as a defense strategy): 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after herbicide application, and a treatment without washing or cutting the leaves in a completely randomized design with four replications in a 3 x 7 + 1 factorial design (three herbicides x seven periods – hours after application). Herbicides and doses tested were: glyphosate (1,440 g ha-1), 2,4-D (720 g ha-1) and a mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D (1,080 + 720 g ha-1). The simulation of rain interfered negatively in the plant control with glyphosate. The control with the herbicide 2,4-D was affected only for the period of 2 hours. Periods of rain simulation did not influence the control of plants with a mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D. For the study with the cutting of treated leaves, all treatments regardless of the period of cutting the leaves were influenced negatively in terms of plant control, the plants showing regrowth when treated with 2,4-D alone.

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