Araraquara - FCF - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas

URI Permanente para esta coleção

https://hdl.handle.net/11449/254587

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 369

Proposta de planejamento de um kit diagnóstico de cânceres do sistema nervoso central
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2024-05-27) Oliveira, Paloma Mari Aprigio de ; Valente, Valeria ; Grejo, Mateus Priolo
Pacientes diagnosticados com tumores cerebrais geralmente possuem baixa taxa de sobrevida, devido à falta de métodos para seu diagnóstico que sejam eficazes e não-invasivos, mas que também permitam um acompanhamento personalizado do paciente, facilitando a escolha do tratamento mais adequado. Neste contexto, a investigação do perfil molecular das neoplasias e a medicina genômica se tornaram uma prática importante para o diagnóstico e a definição de tratamento para pacientes com câncer. Entretanto, esta prática não pode ser efetivamente alcançada apenas pelo uso de amostras obtidas por biópsia de tecido, além disso, problemas de amostragem e fatores pré-analíticos como os dados clínicos limitam seu uso. Observa-se então, a necessidade de serem exploradas diferentes técnicas de diagnóstico oncológico, que garantam ao paciente um método não invasivo de exame do tumor, como por exemplo a biópsia líquida, além de plataformas de análise que permitam a captação seletiva de alterações genômicas de interesse de forma confiável, reprodutível, automatizada e, principalmente, com alta sensibilidade analítica. Portanto, neste trabalho teórico foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura por meio da busca nas bases de dados do PubMed/Medline de estudos realizados nos últimos 13 anos relacionados ao diagnóstico e predição de prognóstico de gliomas, o que permitiu a análise das tecnologias atuais e o delineamento de etapas fundamentais para obtenção de um kit. Pode ser realizada uma proposta de um kit diagnóstico e preditor de prognóstico de gliomas, baseado na análise do padrão de expressão de um conjunto de 30 miRNAs que possuem potencial de predizer o diagnóstico e/ou prognóstico, além da resposta do paciente ao tratamento com temozolomida e radioterapia. Para este procedimento, foi proposto o uso da biópsia líquida e coleta do sangue do paciente, com posterior separação do soro rico em miRNAs alvo, para ser analisado pela técnica de PCR array utilizando sondas TaqMan®.
Análise do crescimento de investimentos em Agtechs da área de biotecnologia e sua contribuição para o agronegócio brasileiro
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2024-05-28) Almeida, Isadora Braz de ; Primo, Fernando Lucas
A participação do agronegócio no Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) brasileiro se mantém em crescimento há quase duas décadas, chegando a 23,8% em 2023. Além disso, o Brasil se destaca como um dos maiores exportadores de produtos e insumos agrícolas no mundo. O sucesso deste setor da economia é possibilitado, em grande parte, pelo investimento em tecnologias aplicadas ao campo, cujo advento é extremamente importante para o aumento da produtividade, qualidade e sustentabilidade da produção agrícola e pecuária. As startups do agronegócio, conhecidas como Agtechs representam um importante papel no desenvolvimento de tais tecnologias e têm recebido crescentes investimentos nos últimos anos, sendo que muitas Agtechs têm a biotecnologia como base de seus negócios. A expansão do ecossistema Agtech torna importante o entendimento do seu impacto e influência na economia brasileira, bem como das oportunidades que constituem para o setor e como elas podem impulsionar o crescimento econômico através da inovação tecnológica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer um panorama atual do ecossistema de inovação Agtech, com foco no setor de biotecnologia e descrever suas principais contribuições para o agronegócio do ponto de vista tecnológico, além de identificar desafios, oportunidades e perspectivas futuras para o setor. Para isso, foram utilizadas as principais bases de dados de Agtechs, a partir das quais foi possível identificar as Agtechs de biotecnologia operantes no mercado e realizar uma análise descritiva sobre as mesmas. Os resultados, junto à revisão da bibliografia, indicaram que a biotecnologia é, atualmente, uma importante fonte de inovações para a agropecuária brasileira e tem grande representatividade no cenário Agtech, mas ainda enfrenta desafios para o seu crescimento, como distribuição geográfica desigual, obstáculos infraestruturais e investimentos ainda incipientes quando comparados ao cenário internacional, especialmente aqueles provenientes da esfera privada, que apresenta cautela diante de investimentos de maior risco.
Síntese, caracterização físico-química e ensaios de citotoxicidade de nanoemulsão contendo o colorante ftalocianina de cloro-alumínio para tratamento fotodinâmico de câncer de colo de útero
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2024-05-28) Oliveira, Juliana Eichinger de ; Primo, Fernando Lucas ; Fernandes, Mariza Aires
O câncer cervical, também conhecido como câncer de colo de útero, representa uma das principais causas de morte por câncer em mulheres, sendo uma das doenças ginecológicas mais agressivas relacionada ao papilomavírus humano (HPV). Portanto, o desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos se torna necessário para a redução da alta taxa de mortalidade relacionada à patologia. A nanotecnologia destaca-se como uma das tecnologias mais promissoras em desenvolvimento do século XXI, e abordagens para o encapsulamento dos fotossensibilizadores têm sido muito consideradas devido à baixa solubilidade destes em água. A Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD) é um campo em crescente inovação aplicada no tratamento de diversas doenças, tais como cânceres, sendo baseada na ação de um fotossensibilizador, tal como a Ftalocianina de cloroalumínio (ClAlPc). Este é um fotossensibilizador com grande potencial de aplicação à Terapia Fotodinâmica, devido às suas características e propriedades fotofísicas. O presente trabalho objetivou a síntese de nanoemulsões estáveis contendo ClAlPc; a caracterização do ativo em seu estado livre e nanoencapsulado; além da testagem de citotoxicidade e avaliação da atividade fotobiológica da nanoestrutura aplicada ao tratamento de câncer cervical em modelo in vitro. Os resultados indicam a estabilidade da formulação por um período de 84 dias, sendo analisados o tamanho médio, índice de polidispersidade (PDI) através da técnica de Espalhamento Dinâmico da Luz (DLS) e potencial Zeta (ζ). O ensaio de citotoxicidade utilizou fibroblastos murinos (linhagem NIH-3T3) e determinou a não toxicidade da NE/ClAlPc nas concentrações de 0,5-20 μmol.L-1 nos tempos de exposição de 3h e 24h. O ensaio de atividade fotobiológica utilizou células tumorais HeLa (ATCC CCL-2) e indicou uma aplicação promissora, gerando significativa redução da viabilidade celular das células tumorais estudadas.
Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico miniaturizado para quantificação de enrofloxacino em comprimidos palatáveis por espectrofotometria na região visível
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-12-15) Souza, Maria Julia Martins de ; Salgado, Hérida Regina Nunes ; Kogawa, Ana Carolina ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Enrofloxacin, an antimicrobial orally absorbed, is a second generation fluorquinolone, and the first fluorquinolone used in veterinary medicine to the treatment of bacterial infections. Due to its broad-spectrum activity, it is widely comercialized and because of it, the Quality Control of its pharmaceutical forms is so important. The development of reliable analytical methods is necessary to ensure the safety, quality and therapeutical effectiveness of medicines. In the literature, previous works describe diverse analytical methods to determination and quantification of enrofloxacin, but none of them was miniaturized. In this work, a miniaturized quantitative analytical method for analysis of enrofloxacin in veterinary palatable tablets was developed by spectrophotometry in the visible region at 430 nm, using iron chloride as complexing agent and water as solvent. Although iron chloride is considered toxic, it is used in small quantities, like the sample, enrofloxacin RS and water, reducing the generation of residues and consequently reducing damages to environment and to the analyst, attending to Green Chemistry principles. It is a quick and easy method, in addition to that a previous preparation of sample is not necessary. Enrofloxacin is insoluble in water, but the solutions of low concetrations did not influence in the tests conduction. The method used a spectrophotometer UV-Vis BMG LabTech Spectrostar Nano, 0.5% iron chloride solutions as complexing agent and 96-well microplate. Method validation was conducted according to the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines and the Brazilian law. The method showed linearity from 100 to 200 µg/mL, selectivity, precision (intraday RSD 0.75%, interday RSD 0.44% and internalyst RSD 0.56%) and accuracy of 98.51%. The method was considered robust when... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Atenção farmacêutica em pediatria
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-12-12) Pery, Maria Carolina Alencar ; Santos, Jean Leandro dos ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Pediatric pharmacotherapy is surrounded by numerous issues. The pharmacokinetics in children is unique and changes according to the age, wich has an important impact in the action of drugs and, consequently, in therapeutics. Once the pharmaceutical industry prioritizes the production of drugs to adults, wich involves clinical research and development of new products, the options for children are very limited. The use of unlicensed, off label drugs and dosage errors are major drug related problems in pediatrics. Pharmacotechnical adjustment, very common in this population, increases the probability of errors. Pharmaceutical care promotes rational use of medicines and includes the particularities of special populations, presenting a way of improving care in pediatrics. This review assembles relevant information on pharmaceutical care applied to pediatric population
Transferência de método analítico por HPLC para UPLC para quantificação de flavanonas totais em diferentes matrizes biológicas
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-12-15) Viviani, Maria Julia Lima ; César, Thaís Borges ; Fidélix, Melaine ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Not available
Características e fatores de riscos para hipertensão arterial: uma análise no evento de extensão Semana de Assistência Farmacêutica Estudantil (SAFE) em 2016
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-12-11) Oliveira, Milla Emke de ; Marin, Marcelo Tadeu ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. Even tough, a large proportion of hypertensive patients does not have significant knowledge about the disease or even does not have a diagnosis of it. In this context, the Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, together with the Projeto de Assistência Farmacêutica Estudantil (PAFE), hold the Semana de Assistência Farmacêutica Estudantil (SAFE) with the purpose of informing and clarifying the population's doubts regarding health issues, including SAH. The purpose of this research was to analyze the data obtained in the SAH stand of the 18th SAFE, as risk factors and knowledge of the disease, and connect them to the diagnosis and blood pressure (BP) levels presented by the visitors at the event. The present research was performed with the information of 616 visitors, which were divided into 4 groups: visitors who were previously diagnosed with SAH and had high blood pressure levels at the moment of measurement (Hypertensive - High BP), hypertensive visitors who had controlled blood pressure (Hypertensive - Normal BP), visitors who were never diagnosed with SAH and had high blood pressure at the moment of measurement (Normotensive - High BP) and normotensive patients who had normal blood pressure (Normotensive - Normal BP). The researched population presented a predominance of 41 years or older (84%), and the people age ≥ 61 years corresponded to 53% of the visitors. There was also a predominance of females, corresponding to 58% of the individuals analyzed. The results obtained indicate that extension events such as SAFE may be the target of very interesting data collections for scientific research or didactic use. Regarding the variables that are directly... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Investigação da atividade intramacrofágica dos fármacos antituberculose de primeira e segunda escolha antes e após a metabolização
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-12-14) Furlan, Letícia Cristina ; Pavan, Fernando Rogério ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Not available
Validação de método analítico para quantificação de ácido ursólico em emulsão cosmética utilizando CLAE
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-12-11) Ferreira, Isabela de Freitas ; Corrêa, Marcos Antônio ; Spagnol, Caroline Magnani ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Cosmetic industry has been gaining importance in the current economic scenario as the promotion and maintance of beauty becomes more and more relevant in many people's lives. With that in mind, the competitiveness in this field increases in equal proportion. The development of new active substances is an essential point for the competitiveness of new cosmetic products. The use of medicinal plants for that matter has become very important over the last 20 years, and Brazil, with its quite significant biodiversity, has a big amount of potential active principles which can be incorporated in cosmetic formulation. Ursolic acid (UA) is a secondary metabolite found in several Brazilian medicinal plants, especially in Cerrado. Because UA presents antioxidant activity, this substance is a target for the development of cosmetic products which aim to avoid skin aging. The solubility of UA is reduced and because of that its incorporation in formulations is a challenge. Emulsions would be a great alternative, since the emulsification process allows the preparation of stable and homogeneous mixtures of two immiscible components. Aiming the quality control of cosmetic products, the development of analytical methods for the quantification of active principles is essential. Therefore, this project aims the development and validation of analytical method for the quantification of UA in emulsion using High Performance Liquid Chromathography (HPLC). Literature methods for the quantification of UA make use of highly toxic solvents like acetonitrile and methanol. On the other hand, this method provides analysis with green solvents, less toxic and environmentally... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Caracterização química dos diferentes órgãos de Cryptocarya moschata por LC-DAD e LC-MS
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-12-12) Kosuji, Gabriela Akemi ; Cavalheiro, Alberto José ; Correia, Lilian Cherubin ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Not available
Estudos de pré-formulação e desenvolvimento de cosméticos linha Clin
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-12-11) Carducci, João Paulo Laurenti ; Corrêa, Marcos Antônio ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Since the existence of prehistoric man, the body's differentiation cult through tinctures extracted from trees, earth and charcoal, already aroused in man the interest in a segment that today is known as Cosmetology. Such practices have become so much improved that, over time, human life becomes closely linked with the care of appearance and the attempt to delay or disguise the marks of aging through the use of creams, lotions and various products that to assist in these functions. Within this scenario, there is an extremely powerful market that is still in a frantic expansion, moving billions of dollars every year and constantly seeking to improve people's reality and quality of life, highlighting their beauty and, consequently, improving their self-esteem. The Clin Cosmetics line has been developed with the purpose of providing cosmetic products to various niches of male and female consumers through the various sales channels most practiced in Brazil (sales by traditional channels, direct sales and sales in franchised stores), working in a strategic way to reduce environmental impacts and act with social responsibility
Avaliação da atividade anti - Helicobacter pylori de extratos aquosos de Casearia sylvestris não incorporados e incorporados em sistema lipídico nanoestruturado
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-12-11) Vieira, Julia Hunger ; Bauab, Taís Maria ; Spósito, Larissa ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Not available
Redes metalo-orgânicas para carreamento e liberação de fármacos
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-12-11) Mori, Aline Sayuri ; Favorin, Leila Aparecida Chiavacci ; Abuçafy, Marina Paiva ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The development and application of drug delivery systems have been contributing to improvements in patient life because increasing stability, better therapeutic efficacy and decreasing the adverse effects caused by the drugs. In order to overcome negative points of most of drug carriers described in the literature, news materials with greater drug encapsulation capacity and controlled release profile have been developed. Promising materials with these properties are the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which consist of organic and metallic blinders that form a highly porous and crystalline framework. Therefore, the aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize MOFs based on γ-cyclodextrin with several metals. Furthermore, to obtain a system with a differentiated release profile and a transdermal application, MOFs were incorporated into films of ureasyl-polyether class which presents interfacial compatibility, hydrogel behavior and have no toxicity. MOFs were synthetized based on a methodology described in the literature with some modifications, through a slow diffusion of methanol vapor. The X-ray diffractograms obtained had more pronounced and evident peaks in the MOFs obtained after 7 days of synthesis and confirmed the crystallinity of the material. The thermogravimetric data confirmed the formation of metal-organic framework and that the activation was effective eliminating solvent remnants in the material. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ibuprofen was incorporated in the MOFs, presenting high encapsulation efficiency, higher than 85%. The drug encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release of the MOFs were compared among themselves... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Desenvolvimento de embalagem de produto farmacêutico diferenciado para maior autonomia e qualidade de vida de portadores de deficiências físicas e visuais
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-12-14) Cernic, Beatriz Gamberini ; Salgado, Hérida Regina Nunes ; Kogawa, Ana Carolina ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Approximately 45% of the Brazilian population present special needs, whether permanent or temporary. This percentage is higher than the number presented by the WHO, which define that 10% of a country's population, in times of peace, has some type of disability. This work proposes, associate with Assistive Technology, the research for solutions to daily problems encountered during the distribution of toothpaste for the toothbrushing of visually impaired people or persons with reduced mobility, through the development of an instrument that assists in the autonomy and independence of the individual, allowing their well-being and their social inclusion. For this, an innovative packaging for toothpaste was proposed with important characteristics for the support, such as the presence of pump valve and adapter that guides the user to locate the exit of a predefined amount of the toothpaste, without having to handle the bristles, avoiding contaminations. The developed packaging material allows the users independence in this daily activity, which strengthens their self-esteem and quality of life, leading, consequently, to the family welfare.
Desenvolvimento e validação de método de análise de nifedipino em fluidos biológicos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-12-11) Borsari, Bruno ; Moraes, Natália Valadares de ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Nifedipine is an antihypertensive of the calcium channel blocker type accepted for use during gestation and lactation. Studies have shown that nifedipine is transferred into breast milk through passive diffusion and active transport mediated by ABCG2 / BCRP. Chromatographic methods for an investigation of the factors influencing the transfer of nifedipine to breast milk are necessary and to this moment there is no description of the method of analysis of nifedipine in breast milk. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate methods of nifedipine analysis in human plasma and human milk samples by high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentrations of nifedipine were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The method of analysis of nifedipine by HPLC-UV showed linearity in the range of 10 to 150 ng/mL for plasma and 5 to 100 ng/mL for breast milk. The sensitivity of the method was compatible with a desired application with quantification limits of 10 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL for plasma and breast milk, respectively. The precision, evaluated by coefficient of variation, and the accuracy, evaluated by the relative error, was lower than 15%. The methods were used to investigate the transfer of nifedipine to breast milk in hypertensive lactants treated with controlled release tablets at a dose of 20 mg every 12 hours attended at the High Risk Pregnancy Outpatient Clinic of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Univesity of São Paulo.
Avaliação histomorfológica do tratamento com extrato de Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens sobre alterações na cápsula de baço de ratos expostos ao 4-NQO
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-12-11) Sato, Natália Sayuri ; Andrade, Cleverton Roberto de ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Not available
Desenvolvimento de sistemas nanoestruturados mucoadesivos como potencial estratégia para o tratamento de câncer colônico
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-12-12) Brito, Natalia Araújo Pereira de ; Gremião, Maria Palmira Daflon ; Cardoso, Valéria Maria de Oliveira ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The development of nanostructured systems based on natural polysaccharides from polyelectrolyte complexation (PC) is a rational strategy for the colon-specific drug release. In this work, nanoparticles (NPs) based on the gellan gum (GG) and chitosan (QS), containing the antibiotic polymyxin B (PB) were obtained. Initially, the best polymer ratios and the influence of the order addition of the polymers (GG and QS) to obtain the NPs were evaluated. The formed systems showed high values of zeta potential (ZP) (between 24.37 mV - 41.23 mV), indicating their physical stability. It was found the GG addition to the QS dispersion led to the formation of smaller particles (between 575.30 nm - 974.60 nm), whereas the addition of QS to the GG dispersion formed larger particles (between 1,762.33 nm - 27,673.33 nm). In this way, were selected for incorporation of PB the samples obtained with the addition of GG to the dispersion of QS. After incorporation, the NPs presented mean diameter in the range of 471,25 nm - 1,255,85 nm and positive values of PZ (between 35,14 mV - 38,93 mV). The analysis by infrared spectroscopy (IR) evidenced the formation of NPs through the possible interactions between the functional groups -OH, -COOH and -NH2 of the polyelectrolytes. The structural characteristics of systems was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the data indicated the formation of more organized structures with a higher degree of crystallinity. The high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the existence of nanometric scale particles, with regular, spherical and apparently smooth surfaces. The mucoadhesive capacity of the systems... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Estudos de pré-formulação e desenvolvimento de cosméticos linha Marrakech
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-05-29) Zago, Gabriela ; Corrêa, Marcos Antonio ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Due to the search for beauty and youth, the cosmetics market grows every day, thus increasing the demand for innovative products and quality. From Antiquity to the present day, cosmetics evolved and even simply being defined as preparations with the aim of cleaning, perfuming, protect and take care of the body, they became one of the main items to purchase by consumers worldwide. In this market, Brazil occupies the fourth and tends to grow in the next years, since national companies and industries are producing high-quality products, increasingly equating to the foreign market. The aim of this study was the development of a line of cosmetics aimed to reduce the damage caused by heat and climate change, using argan oil, raw material of Moroccan origin, as your main constituent. The Marrakech line includes items of hygiene and hair treatment such as shampoo and conditioner; preparations for the bath as soap and bath oil, as well as skin care products like body lotion and facial, hand and feet creams. All products were created considering the legislative aspects...
Caracterização biológica e morfológica de duas cepas de Trypanosoma cruzi isoladas de espécimes de Triatoma sherlocki coletadas em Santo Inácio, BA
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-05-30) Castilho, Jéssica Sacchi ; Rosa, João Aristeu da ; Ribeiro, Aline Rimoldi ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Latin America is the area where the largest number of people with Chagas' disease is found. Estimates indicate that are between 6-8 million infected people in the world. But in recent decades, with the increasing of population mobility between Latin America and other countries, chagasic patients can be found in the United States, Canada, European and Eastern Pacific countries. Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas' disease, presents high variability it can be differentiated by biological, biochemical, immunological and genetic markers. Two strains of T. cruzi (Tsh1 and Tsh7) studied were isolated from the laboratory of Parasitology of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences/UNESP/Araraquara, from two specimens of Triatoma sherlocki collected in Santo Inácio, Bahia. The strains were maintained in LIT (Liver Infusion Tryptose) culture medium, where the growth kinetics were evaluated, and from the forms obtained in culture a parasitemic curve was developed in Swiss mice, determining a pre-patent period, parasitemic peak, mortality and disappearance of circulating forms in the peripheral blood of the mice in order to establish the pattern of infection. These same blood trypomastigote forms were evaluated microscopically, where the morphological characteristics of the strains were determined. Thus, T. cruzi strains isolated from specimens collected in Santo Inácio showed low virulence and low parasitemia when compared to the reference strain, Y. Molecular and biological studies are under development, in order to increase the knowledge about the strains Tsh1 and Tsh7 from T. cruzi. No articles has been found on isolation and characterization...
Carbamato de etila em bebidas alcoólicas destiladas
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017-06-22) Santos, Júlia Teresa ; Faria, João Bosco ; Rodrigues, Mariana Gouvêa ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a chemical contaminant in fermented foods and beverages such as bread, yogurt, wine, beer, as well as distilled beverages like whiskey and cachaça. It is proved by laboratory tests to be a carcinogen for animals, though it is considered a probable human carcinogen. In 2005, the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) assessed the risks involved with ethyl carbamate, and concluded that the combined intake of the contaminant from the daily diet and from alcoholic beverages is of concern, therefore recommends studies aiming the compound decrease in alcoholic beverages. This literature reviews aims to gather data on ethyl carbamate content in distilled alcoholic beverages from 2010 to 2015. Thirty-two articles from the electronic databases Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus and PubMed were selected. Understanding EC formation is the first step in studying prevention and/or elimination methods. Most of the contaminant is formed after distillation by reaction of ethanol with cyanate and its derivatives (isocyanate, cyanic acid and isocyanic acid). Other factors, such as the presence of copper, heat, aging, storage in the presence of light, favor formation. The official method of analysis of EC for alcoholic beverages is based on Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), but another method that is gaining space for its speed and sensitivity is High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). Contaminant prevention and mitigation proposals have been extensively studied and implemented, ranging from simple methods to techniques involving genetic engineering, which in line with good manufacturing practices lead to effective control of EC. Most of the studies analyzed cachaças and sugarcane spirits. The higher EC levels were...

Navegar

Submissões Recentes