Acute Kidney Injury in Latin America

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major global health issue with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income regions like Latin America. AKI prevalence varies across Latin America, with higher rates in rural and underserved areas. Key risk factors include socioeconomic disparities, comorbid conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, and environmental hazards. Infections, especially tropical diseases, and exposure to nephrotoxins, including herbal remedies, are common causes of AKI. Management of AKI faces significant hurdles because of limited access to diagnostic tools, variability in clinical practices, and a shortage of trained health care professionals. The availability of dialysis and renal replacement therapies is often constrained by economic and infrastructural limitations. Public health initiatives focusing on prevention, screening, and early detection are critical to mitigate the impact of AKI. Research in AKI across Latin America is hampered by data gaps and limited funding. Multicenter collaborations and the development of region-specific guidelines are essential to improving outcomes. Addressing these challenges will help reduce the burden of AKI and improve health care systems across the region. This review examines the unique epidemiology, risk factors, and health care challenges surrounding AKI in the region.