The South American Deer

The south American deer species have been undergone to the decline of their populations. While free-living populations decrease, there is a descent in the genetic diversity and an increase in crossbreeding between related individuals (inbreeding). Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) may help to preserve the genetic diversity in captive and free ranging populations. For its application, basic knowledge about reproductive physiology is necessary, which is also addressed in this chapter. The ART are useful to permit gene flow between institutions in both ex situ programs, and between ex situ and in situ populations. To protect the genetic diversity, we can use traditional techniques, such as semen collection and cryopreservation, artificial insemination, multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, and in vitro embryo production; or by means of innovative methods that involves the potential of somatic cell sources, like cloning, producing induced pluripotent stem cells for in vitro production of gametes and other techniques.