Cap coating and low-level laser therapy to stimulate early bone formation and improve fixation of rough threaded implants

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to compare in vivo osteogenesis on rough threaded dental implants with and without calcium phosphate (CaP) coating deposition, alone or in association with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) by gallium aluminum arsenide. Material and Methods: Four groups were studied: G1: implant; G2: implant + CaP coating; G3: implant + LLLT; and G4: implant + CaP coating + LLLT. LLLT was applied for 7 days at the surgical site before and after placing the implant. Topographic characterization was performed before surgery using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectrophotometry. Bone-implant contact (BIC) was measured after 1, 2, and 6 weeks and reverse torque after 6 weeks. In short periods, G2, G3, and G4 showed significantly greater BIC than G1 (P, 0.05), but no difference in BIC was observed at 6 weeks. However, the values for the removal torque test at 6 weeks were higher in G2 and G4 (P, 0.05). Conclusion: Both CaP coating alone and using LLLT induce cellular stimulation and improve BIC in short-term healing, resulting in higher implant fixation, and should be considered in clinical practice due to their low cost and high effectiveness.