São José dos Campos - ICT - Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://hdl.handle.net/11449/253778

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β-TCP/S53P4 Scaffolds Obtained by Gel Casting: Synthesis, Properties, and Biomedical Applications
(2023-05-01) Amaral, Suelen Simões ; Lima, Beatriz Samara de Sousa ; Avelino, Sarah Oliveira Marco ; Spirandeli, Bruno Roberto ; Campos, Tiago Moreira Bastos ; Thim, Gilmar Patrocínio ; Trichês, Eliandra de Sousa ; Prado, Renata Falchete do ; Vasconcellos, Luana Marotta Reis de ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA)
The objective of this study was to investigate the osteogenic and antimicrobial effect of bioactive glass S53P4 incorporated into β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds in vitro and the bone neoformation in vivo. β-TCP and β-TCP/S53P4 scaffolds were prepared by the gel casting method. Samples were morphologically and physically characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In vitro tests were performed using MG63 cells. American Type Culture Collection reference strains were used to determine the scaffold’s antimicrobial potential. Defects were created in the tibia of New Zealand rabbits and filled with experimental scaffolds. The incorporation of S53P4 bioglass promotes significant changes in the crystalline phases formed and in the morphology of the surface of the scaffolds. The β-TCP/S53P4 scaffolds did not demonstrate an in vitro cytotoxic effect, presented similar alkaline phosphatase activity, and induced a significantly higher protein amount when compared to β-TCP. The expression of Itg β1 in the β-TCP scaffold was higher than in the β-TCP/S53P4, and there was higher expression of Col-1 in the β-TCP/S53P4 group. Higher bone formation and antimicrobial activity were observed in the β-TCP/S53P4 group. The results confirm the osteogenic capacity of β-TCP ceramics and suggest that, after bioactive glass S53P4 incorporation, it can prevent microbial infections, demonstrating to be an excellent biomaterial for application in bone tissue engineering.
Enhancing biocompatibility and bone neoformation with nanostructured calcium aluminate cement
(2023-06-01) dos Santos, Andrea Fernanda Lopes ; Vieira, Paula Fonseca Antunes ; de Araújo, Juliani Caroline Ribeiro ; de Vasconcellos, Luana Marotta Reis ; Castilho, Maiara Lima ; de Oliveira, Ivone Regina ; Raniero, Leandro ; University of Vale Do Paraíba ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Purpose: Because of bone loss, bone complex fractures require medical intervention. Bone grafting may result in a positive recovery from bone loss. As a result, attempts are being made to investigate new bone grafting materials as alternatives, as well as to reproduce bone specificities on a wide scale. Because of its characteristics, Homogeneous Calcium Aluminate Cement (CACH) is a viable candidate for bone substitution. Gold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles can improve CACH efficiency. The biocompatibility of CACH material linked with AuNPs and AgNPs was examined in vitro and in vivo in this study. Methods: SEM and mitochondrial activity percentage fluctuation were used to analyze materials in vitro for cell adhesion, proliferation, and biocompatibility. Meanwhile, histological examination of samples in vivo searched for bone neoformation. Results: SEM and mitochondrial activity percentage variation revealed efficient cell adhesion and proliferation when linking biocompatible material. In both samples, histological investigation revealed bone neoformation. CACH linked with AuNPs, on the other hand, produced the most relevant results. Conclusion: Although both samples showed bone neoformation, CACH combined with AuNPs generated a potentially efficient bone repair material as an enhanced bone substitute.
Zn:DLC films via PECVD-HIPIMS: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity to mammalian cells
(2023-05-01) De O. Correia, Rebeca F.B. ; Sampaio, Aline G. ; Milhan, Noala V.M. ; Capote, Ariel ; Gerdes, Holger ; Lachmann, Kristina ; Trava-Airoldi, Vladimir J. ; Koga-Ito, Cristiane Yumi ; Bandorf, Ralf ; National Institute for Space Research - INPE ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films (IST) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
DLC films were grown with Zn via a combined plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) process. The films were deposited on textiles in an atmosphere of Ar and C2H2, and the percentage of metal in the DLC was varied by controlling the acetylene gas flow. At first, to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, a screening test with the ISO 22196 standard was carried out. Afterward, AATCC TM100:2019 was used to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of the films on textiles. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the coating was studied against a Gram-negative bacterium (Escherichia coli), a Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus), and a fungus (Candida albicans), after a 24 h contact. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the samples to mammalian cells was evaluated by indirect contact. For this, the samples were soaked into the growth media for 1 and 7 days, and then, the extracts were collected and put in contact with keratinocytes for 24 h. Finally, the properties of the films were also evaluated as a function of the Zn content, such as their structural quality, morphology, hardness, wear resistance, and coefficient of friction. The films showed excellent results against all microorganisms, with 100% effectiveness in some cases. The pure extracts obtained from all the samples with the incorporation of metals were cytotoxic. Despite that, the cell viability after contact with some Zn-DLC diluted extracts (10%) was not different from that observed in the uncoated group. Besides, increasing the Zn content resulted in a film with poorer mechanical properties but did not affect the coefficient of friction of the coating.
Hidden colon adenocarcinoma diagnosed from mouth metastasis: case report and literature review
(2023-12-01) de Almeida Lança, Maria Leticia ; Carvalho, Yasmin Rodarte ; Almeida, Janete Dias ; Kaminagakura, Estela ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Background: We report an unusual case of metastatic colon adenocarcinoma to the maxilla as an initial clinical sign of the disease, this being the second case reported in the palate. In addition, we show an extensive review of the literature, with clinical cases of adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the mouth. Case presentation: An 80-year-old man complained of “swelling on the palate” with a 3-week evolution time. He reported suffering from constipation and high blood pressure. The intraoral examination revealed a pedunculated, red, and painless nodule on the maxillary gingiva. Under the diagnostic hypotheses of squamous cell carcinoma and malignant neoplasm of the salivary gland, an incisional biopsy was performed. Microscopically, the columnar epithelium was observed forming papillary areas, neoplastic cells with prominent nucleoli, hyperchromatic nuclei, atypical mitotic figures, and mucous cells, being positive for CK 20, suggesting the provisional diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma, probably of gastrointestinal origin. The patient was submitted to endoscopy and colonoscopy exams, and a lesion in the sigmoid region of the colon was observed. After a colon biopsy, a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was confirmed, establishing the final diagnosis of metastatic neoplasia of colon adenocarcinoma to the oral lesion. The literature review revealed 45 clinical cases of colon adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the oral cavity. To the best of our knowledge, it is the second case on the palate. Conclusions: Colon adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the oral cavity is rare but should be included in the differential diagnosis of neoplasms of the oral cavity, even when there are no known primary tumors in some cases, and this may be the first indication of the presence of a tumor.
Low-cost optical microscope constructed through a smartphone camera applied to oral cancer diagnosis
(2022-01-01) Foiani, Letícia Marques Caviola ; Almeida, Janete Dias ; da Silva Martinho, Herculano ; Federal University of ABC ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
This study centered on the construction of a low-cost microscope using a smartphone camera, employed to diagnosing oral cancer using dried saliva, that could correctly diagnose 73% of the samples that a conventional microscope did.
Acute Toxicity of Leachates from Water Treatment Plants Sludge and Combinations with Soils from a Tropical Region
(2023-02-01) Rodgher, Suzelei ; Fiore, Fabiana Alves ; dos Santos Bardini, Vivian Silveira ; Formiga, Jorge Kennety Silva ; Koga-Ito, Cristiane Yumi ; Klinsky, Luis Miguel Gutiérrez ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) ; Grupo CCR
Sludge from water treatment plants (WTP) is a waste of continuous and increasing generation, with a polluting potential associated with the composition of water source and the inputs used in the potabilization process. Currently, most of these residues are released in natura into aquatic systems, which motivates research related to the beneficial use of the material, especially incorporations with soils in geotechnical works. This study evaluated the toxicity of WTP sludge leachate and its combinations with soils from the State of São Paulo (Brazil) using cladoceran Daphnia similis, a standardized test species in tropical aquatic environments. For that, acute toxicity tests were carried out with D. similis testing leachate from twelve different compositions of aluminum and iron sludge and sandy soils and clayey sand. The concentrations of Fe and Al (dissolved) and Ba, Mn and Cl (total) present in the leachate from these samples were determined. Among the main results, it is highlighted that all the raw leachates samples caused 100% immobility for D. similis, and the toxicity of the samples varied according to the chemical elements detected and the type of soil used.
Metal Nanoparticles to Combat Candida albicans Infections: An Update
(2023-01-01) Carmo, Paulo Henrique Fonseca do ; Garcia, Maíra Terra ; Figueiredo-Godoi, Lívia Mara Alves ; Lage, Anna Carolina Pinheiro ; Silva, Newton Soares da ; Junqueira, Juliana Campos ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Fiocruz Minas Gerais
Candidiasis is an opportunistic mycosis with high annual incidence worldwide. In these infections, Candida albicans is the chief pathogen owing to its multiple virulence factors. C. albicans infections are usually treated with azoles, polyenes and echinocandins. However, these antifungals may have limitations regarding toxicity, relapse of infections, high cost, and emergence of antifungal resistance. Thus, the development of nanocarrier systems, such as metal nanoparticles, has been widely investigated. Metal nanoparticles are particulate dispersions or solid particles 10–100 nm in size, with unique physical and chemical properties that make them useful in biomedical applications. In this review, we focus on the activity of silver, gold, and iron nanoparticles against C. albicans. We discuss the use of metal nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for antifungal drugs or natural compounds to increase their biocompatibility and effectiveness. Promisingly, most of these nanoparticles exhibit potential antifungal activity through multi-target mechanisms in C. albicans cells and biofilms, which can minimize the emergence of antifungal resistance. The cytotoxicity of metal nanoparticles is a concern, and adjustments in synthesis approaches or coating techniques have been addressed to overcome these limitations, with great emphasis on green synthesis.
Liquid biopsy on serum samples: Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as fatality predictor for COVID-19
(2022-01-01) Bandeira, Carla Carolina Silva ; Madureira, Karen Cristina Rolim ; Rossi, Meire Bocoli ; Gallo, Juliana Failde ; da Silva, Ana Paula Marques Aguirra ; Torres, Vilanilse Lopes ; de Lima, Vinicius Alves ; Júnior, Norival Kesper ; Almeida, Janete Dias ; Zerbinati, Rodrigo Merlim ; Braz-Silva, Paulo Henrique ; Lindoso, José Angelo Lauletta ; da Silva Martinho, Herculano ; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) ; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas - Secretaria de Estado da Saúde ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The fatality prediction in hyperinflammation diseases like COVID-19 is a challenge. We show here that FTIR could probe the degree of IgG glycosylation discriminating subpopulations of COVID-19 patients depending on their degree of severity.
Editorial: Candida biofilms
(2023-01-04) Junqueira, Juliana Campos ; Mylonakis, Eleftherios ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Effect of the pH on the Antibacterial Potential and Cytotoxicity of Different Plasma-Activated Liquids
(2022-11-01) Sampaio, Aline da Graça ; Chiappim, William ; Milhan, Noala Vicensoto Moreira ; Botan Neto, Benedito ; Pessoa, Rodrigo ; Koga-Ito, Cristiane Yumi ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Technological Institute of Aeronautics
In this study, different plasma-activated liquids were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli, as well as for their cytotoxicity on mammalian cells. The PALs were prepared from distilled (DIS), deionized (DI), filtered (FIL), and tap (TAP) water. Additionally, 0.9% NaCl saline solution (SAL) was plasma-activated. These PALs were prepared using 5 L/min air gliding arc plasma jet for up to 60.0 min of exposure. Subsequently, the physicochemical properties, such as, the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), the pH, the conductivity, and the total dissolved solids (TDS) were characterized by a water multiparameter. The PALs obtained showed a drastic decrease in the pH with increasing plasma exposure time, in contrast, the conductivity and TDS increased. In a general trend, the UV-vis analyses identified a higher production of the following reactive species of nitrogen and oxygen (RONS), HNO2, H2O2, NO3−, and NO2−. Except for the plasma-activated filtered water (PAW-FIL), where there was a change in the position of NO2− and NO3− at some pHs, The higher production of HNO2 and H2O2-reactive species was observed at a low pH. Finally, the standardized suspensions of Escherichia coli were exposed to PAL for up to 60.0 min. The plasma-activated deionized water (PAW-DI pH 2.5), plasma-activated distilled water (PAW-DIS pH 2.5 and 3), and plasma-activated tap water (PAW-TAP 3.5) showed the best antimicrobial effects at exposure times of 3.0, 10.0, and 30.0 min, respectively. The MTT analysis demonstrated low toxicity of all of the PAL samples. Our results indicate that the plasma activation of different liquids using the gliding arc system can generate specific physicochemical conditions that produce excellent antibacterial effects for E. coli with a safe application, thus bringing future contributions to creating new antimicrobial protocols.
Fuzzy Artificial Intelligence—Based Model Proposal to Forecast Student Performance and Retention Risk in Engineering Education: An Alternative for Handling with Small Data
(2022-11-01) Bressane, Adriano ; Spalding, Marianne ; Zwirn, Daniel ; Loureiro, Anna Isabel Silva ; Bankole, Abayomi Oluwatobiloba ; Negri, Rogério Galante ; de Brito Junior, Irineu ; Formiga, Jorge Kennety Silva ; Medeiros, Liliam César de Castro ; Pampuch Bortolozo, Luana Albertani ; Moruzzi, Rodrigo ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Understanding the key factors that play an important role in students’ performance can assist improvements in the teaching-learning process. As an alternative, artificial intelligence (AI) methods have enormous potential, facilitating a new trend in education. Despite the advances, there is an open debate on the most suitable model for machine learning applied to forecast student performance patterns. This paper addresses this gap, where a comparative analysis between AI methods was performed. As a research hypothesis, a fuzzy inference system (FIS) should provide the best accuracy in this forecast task, due to its ability to deal with uncertainties. To do so, this paper introduces a model proposal based on AI using a FIS. An online survey was carried to collect data. Filling out a self-report, respondents declare how often they use some learning strategies. In addition, we also used historical records of students’ grades and retention from the last 5 years before the COVID pandemic. Firstly, two experimental groups were composed of students with failing and passing grades, compared by the Mann-Whitney test. Secondly, an association between the ‘frequency of using learning strategies’ and ‘occurrence of failing grades’ was quantified using a logistic regression model. Then, a discriminant analysis was performed to build an Index of Student Performance Expectation (SPE). Considering the learning strategies with greater discriminating power, the fuzzy AI-based model was built using the database of historical records. The learning strategies with the most significant effect on students’ performance were lesson review (34.6%), bibliography reading (25.6%), class attendance (23.5%), and emotion control (16.3%). The fuzzy AI-based model proposal outperformed other AI methods, achieving 94.0% accuracy during training and a generalization capacity of 91.9% over the testing dataset. As a practical implication, the SPE index can be applied as a tool to support students’ planning in relation to the use of learning strategies. In turn, the AI model based on fuzzy can assist professors in identifying students at higher risk of retention, enabling preventive interventions.
Repurposing HIV Protease Inhibitors Atazanavir and Darunavir as Antifungal Treatments against Candida albicans Infections: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
(2022-11-01) Fenley, Juliana de C. ; de Barros, Patrícia P. ; Carmo, Paulo H. F. do ; Garcia, Maíra T. ; Rossoni, Rodnei D. ; Junqueira, Juliana C. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)
Candida albicans is the chief etiological agent of candidiasis, a mycosis prevalent in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In recent years, the introduction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (HIV-PI) has reduced the prevalence of candidiasis in these patients. Seeking new therapeutic strategies based on the perspective of drug repositioning, we evaluated the effects of two second-generation HIV-PIs, atazanavir (ATV) and darunavir (DRV), on virulence factors of C. albicans and experimental candidiasis. For this, clinical strains of C. albicans were subjected to in vitro and in vivo treatments with ATV or DRV. As a result, ATV and DRV exhibited antifungal activity against fungal cells at 512 μg/mL, reduced the viability and biomass of biofilms, and inhibited filamentation of C. albicans. In addition, these HIV-PIs downregulated the expression of SAP2 and BRC1 genes of C. albicans. In an in vivo study, prophylactic use of ATV and DRV prolonged the survival rate of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with C. albicans. Therefore, ATV and DRV showed activity against C. albicans by reducing cell growth, biofilm formation, filamentation, and expression of virulence genes. Furthermore, ATV and DRV decreased experimental candidiasis, suggesting the repurposing of HIV-PIs as antifungal treatments for C. albicans infections.
Silver-Coated Silica Nanoparticles Modified with MPS: Potential Antimicrobial Biomaterials Applied in Glaze and Soft Reliner
(2022-10-01) Rossi, Natália Rivoli ; de Menezes, Beatriz Rossi Canuto ; Sampaio, Aline da Graça ; da Silva, Diego Morais ; Koga-Ito, Cristiane Yumi ; Thim, Gilmar Patrocínio ; Paes-Junior, Tarcisio José de Arruda ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Aeronautical Technology Institute (ITA)
Soft reliner and glaze are materials used over full or partial dental prosthesis to prevent excessive pressure on the supporting tissues. They are also indicated as supportive treatment for dental stomatitis, especially when modified by the addition of medications. The objective of the work was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of silver-coated silica nanoparticles in a glaze and a soft reliner. The nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and tested by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C. albicans SC5314. Then, the nanoparticles were incorporated to a glaze and a soft reliner, which were called nanocomposites. Then, the nanocomposites were divided into six groups (n = 12): CG: glaze/reliner; CR: reliner; G1: glaze + 1% nanoparticles/reliner; G2: glaze + 2.5% nanoparticles/reliner; R1: reliner + 1%; R2: reliner + 2.5%. The nanocomposites were characterized by a goniometer and by a scanning electron microscope. The antibiofilm test was performed against C. albicans SC5314. According to the MIC results, the non-functionalized nanoparticles reduced fungal growth at 1000 μg/mL and the functionalized nanoparticles at 2000 μg/mL. The functionalized nanoparticle had a superior dispersion being selected for the antibiofilm test. There was a reduction of 64% in CFU/specimen count for the glaze, not statistically significant (p = 0.244). For the soft reliner, there was an increase in CFU/specimen with the presence of nanoparticles, still not statistically significant (p = 0.264). In conclusion, it is necessary to conduct new studies to increase the release of silver, thus improving nanoparticles’ antifungal potential.
The biocompatibility and antifungal effect of Rosmarinus officinalis against Candida albicans in Galleria mellonella model
(2022-12-01) Meccatti, Vanessa Marques ; Figueiredo-Godoi, Lívia Mara Alves ; Pereira, Thaís Cristine ; de Lima, Patrícia Michelle Nagai ; Abu Hasna, Amjad ; Senna, Lavinia Barbosa ; Marcucci, Maria Cristina ; Junqueira, Juliana Campos ; de Oliveira, Luciane Dias ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
This study was performed to evaluate the biocompatibility and antifungal effect of Rosmarinus officinalis against Candida albicans in Galleria mellonella model. Five different concentrations of R. officinalis glycolic extract (50; 25; 12.5 e 6.25 mg/mL) were used to evaluate its biocompatibility in G. mellonella model, in which the nystatin suspension (100; 50; 25; 12.5 e 6.25%) was used as a control group. The antifungal action of R. officinalis glycolic extract was evaluated on C. albicans for 72, 48 and 12 h at two different phases: (1) using the extract as therapeutic agent; and (2) using the extract as prophylactic agent. PBS was used as a negative control group. G. mellonella survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method and statistical analysis was performed using the log-rank test (Mantel–Cox) and the significance level was set at (α ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference among the groups in which all were biocompatible except of a significant death rate of 26.6% with nystatin 100%. In phase 1, it was found that after 7 days, there was no statistically significant difference among the prophylactic treatment groups. In phase 2, the groups of R. officinalis 6.25 mg/mL for 72 h and R. officinalis of 12.5 mg/mL for 24 h promoted the survival rate of the larvae in comparison with the control group with a significant difference (p = 0.017) and (p = 0.032) respectively. Therefore, R. officinalis extract is biocompatible in different concentrations and can be used as a prophylactic agent against fungal infection.
Analysis of biofilm formation by Candida albicans in different types of orthodontic fixed appliances and devices
(2023-04-01) Fernandes, Ellen Eduarda ; Oliveira, Daniela Fernandes Lobo Molica ; Jóias, Renata Pilli ; Diniz, Pamela Aparecida ; De Barros, Patrícia Pimentel ; Jorge, Antônio Olavo Cardoso ; DE Oliveira, Wagner ; Rode, Sigmar De Mello ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)
Objective: in this study, biofilm formation by Candida albicans in fixed orthodontic appliances was evaluated. Material and Methods: a total of 300 conventional metal brackets (MC), ceramic (CB), self-ligation (SLB), nickel-titanium (NiTi), and nickel-chromium (NiCr) wires, and ligatures types were organized into thirty groups (n=10). To induce biofilm formation, brackets, wires, and ligatures were joined, sterilized, placed in 24-well plates, contaminated with standardized suspensions of C. albicans (107 cells/mL), and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h with shaking. The biofilms formed were detached using an ultrasonic homogenizer, and suspensions were serially diluted and plated on Sabouraud dextrose agar to determine colony-forming units per mL. Scanning electron microscopy was performed before and after the biofilm formation. Results: lower amount of biofilm formation was observed in the MC group than in the CB and SLB groups (p<0.0001). SLB and CB showed similar biofilm formation rates (p=0.855). In general, the cross-sectional wires .018”x.025” showed higher biofilm formation when associated with the three types of brackets. When brackets, wires, and ligatures were associated, the sets with NiCr wires and SSL ligatures with MC brackets (p=0.0008) and CB (p=0.0003) showed higher biofilm formation. Conclusion: thus, brackets of MC with NiTi and NiCr wires showed lower biofilm formation, regardless of the ligature and cross-sectional or gauge of the wire and, MC and CB brackets with NiCr wires and SSL ligatures were more likely to accumulate biofilms.
Antimicrobial efficacy of S-PRG containing toothpastes on S. mutans biofilm development
(2023-01-01) Spinola, Manuela da Silva ; Mendonça, Jacqueline Landi ; Garcia, Maíra Terra ; Caneppele, Taciana Marco Ferraz ; Junqueira, Juliana Campos ; Torres, Carlos Rocha Gomes ; Borges, Alessandra Buhler ; Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Braz Cubas ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Objective: to investigate the antimicrobial effects of toothpastes containing bioactive surface pre-reacted glass particles (S-PRG) on S. mutans biofilms adherence, initial colonization and maturation. Material and Methods: a reference UA 159 and a clinical S. mutans (SM6) strain were used. Bovine enamel specimens were randomly allocated into the groups (n=5): toothpastes containing 0%; 1%; 5%; 20%; 30% S-PRG; positive control dentifrice (NaF+triclosan); and negative control (distilled water). For biofilm development, samples were placed in a 24-well plate containing artificial saliva (4h), followed by adding 1mL of artificial saliva, BHI broth and 225μL of S. mutans suspension. Treatments with toothpastes were applied previously or after 4h and 24h of biofilm formation. Samples were incubated for 48h at 37°C in 5%CO2 and biofilm was detached and seeded in Petri dishes for determining the number of viable cells. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (5%). Results: significantly lower microorganisms’ adherence (p<0.05) was obtained for all S-PRG toothpastes, with similar results to NaF+triclosan for SM6 and 20 and 30%S-PRG groups exhibiting higher inhibition effect than the NaF+Triclosan for UA159. Antibacterial effect on the early-stage biofilm was also observed for the S-PRG groups, but was not superior to the NaF+Triclosan toothpaste. For the mature biofilm, the effective antimicrobial potential of S-PRG toothpastes was observed only for the SM6 clinical strain, but was not higher than the positive control. Conclusion: experimental S-PRG toothpastes were effective to inhibit S. mutans biofilm growth by exhibiting antimicrobial activity, being promising agents to prevent cariogenic biofilm development.
Effect of radiotherapy on the differentiation and osteogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cells on dental implants
(2023-01-01) da COSTA, Fernanda Herrera ; Dutra, Mateus José ; de VASCONCELLOS, Luana Marotta Reis ; Vegian, Mariana Raquel da Cruz ; da SILVA, Camila Duarte ; Dos Santos, Hanna Flávia Santana ; Federico, Claudio Antonio ; Do Prado, Renata Falchete ; Tango, Rubens Nisie ; Kaminagakura, Estela ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Instituto de Estudos Avançados
Objective: to evaluate the differentiation and gene expression of transcripts related to osteogenesis in a primary culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) derived from rat femurs submitted to radiotherapy and the installation of pure titanium implants. Material and Methods: fifty-four rats received titanium implants in both femurs and were divided into three groups: Control: implant surgery (C); Implant + immediate irradiation (IrI), and Implant + late irradiation (IrL). Euthanasia occurred 3, 14, and 49 days after surgery. The bone marrow MSCs from the femurs were isolated and cultivated. The cell viability, total protein content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the formation of mineralization nodules and cellular genotoxicity were analyzed. The gene expression of Alkaline Phosphatase (phoA), Collagen 1 (COL1), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Osterix (OSX), Osteopontin (OPN), Integrin β1 (ITGB1 ), Bone Sialoprotein (BSP), Osteonectin (SPARC), Osteocalcin (Bglap), Transforming Growth Factor β-type (TGF-β), Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and Prostaglandin E2 synthase (PGE2 ) were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Results: ionizing radiation suppresses the gene expression of essential transcripts for bone regeneration, as well as cellular viability, as observed in the IrI and IrL groups. Conclusion: although this can lead to the loss of osseointegration and failure of the implant, the MSCs showed more activity at 49 days than at 3 and 14 days.
Detoxification of LTA by intracanal medication: analysis by macrophages proinflammatory cytokines production
(2022-01-01) Dias de Oliveira, Luciane ; de Oliveira, Felipe Eduardo ; Hatje, Bárbara Araujo ; Valera, Marcia Carneiro ; Carvalho, Cláudio Antonio Talge ; Hasna, Amjad Abu ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) on macrophages (RAW 264.7) to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide after pretreatment with lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Enterococcus faecalis. Forty-eight human single- rooted teeth were instrumented with R25.08 (RECIPROC) and sterilized by gamma irradiation. LTA was inoculated in the root canal of each specimen for 96 hours. Specimens were instrumented with 40.06 and 50.05 (RECIPROC) and medicated with: I) Pyrogen-free saline solution (SS); II) 2% CHX gel; III) Ca(OH)2 + SS; or IV) Ca(OH)2 + CHX for 14 days. Three samples (S) were performed of the root canal of each specimen at: S1) immediately after instrumentation; S2) after Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); S3) after intracanal medication removal. Subsequent quantification of cytokines (IL-1 β, TNF-α, MIP-1α, IP-10, G-CSF and IL-6) by immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nitric oxide by the Griess method was carried-out. Data were submitted to a normality test and then analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test with a significance level of 5% using GraphPad Prism 6. Ca(OH)2 + SS and Ca(OH)2 + CHX presented lower levels of TNF-α, TNF-α, IL-6, G-CSF and nitric oxide. Ca(OH)2 + SS was the most effective in reducing MIP-1α. CHX was effective in reducing IL-6 and G-CSF. Therefore, the combined intracanal medication of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine is effective in reducing the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, G-CSF and nitric oxide.
Effect of combining Zingiber officinale and Juglans regia extracts on Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis: antibiofilm action and low toxicity
(2022-01-01) Da Silva, Leonardo A. ; Ramos, Lucas P. ; Silva, Tatiane A. ; De Lapena, Simone A. B. ; Santos, Carlos Eduardo R. ; Hasna, Amjad A. ; Bressane, Adriano ; De oliveira, Luciane D. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Instituto Taubaté de Ensino Superior/ITES ; Instituto Policlin de Ensino e Pesquisas/IPEP
Objective was evaluated the therapeutic effect of Juglans regia (J) and Zingiber officinale (Z) extracts, alone or associated (Z75% + J25%, Z50% + J50% and Z25% + J75%) applied on planktonic cultures and biofilms of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as analyzing the cytotoxic effects of plant extracts on mouse macrophages (Raw 264-7). Broth microdilution assay was performed (M7-A6-CLSI). Anti-biofilm activities and cytotoxicity on Raw 264-7 were studied using MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy. ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD applied for parametric data and Kruskal-Wallis with Conover-Iman test, for non-parametric (p<0.05). On P. acnes biofilm, Z50% + J50% reduced 46.9% in 5 min and Z25% + J75% reduced 74.1% in 24hs. On S. aureus, Z75% + J25% reduced 23.1% in 5 min Z25% +J75% reduced 79.4% in 24hs. On S. epidermidis, Z75% + J25% reduced 74.6% in 5 min and 82.05% in 24 h. The treatments on macrophages for 24 h promoted a maximum reduction by 14,5% for groups of extracts associations. On multispecies biofilm, Z75%+J25% reduced 84.3% in 24 h. In conclusion association of glycolic extracts provided therapeutic effect, demonstrated antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity.
Galleria Mellonella Larvae as an Alternative to Low-Density Polyethylene and Polystyrene Biodegradation
(2023-03-01) Burd, Betina Sayeg ; Mussagy, Cassamo Ussemane ; de Lacorte Singulani, Junya ; Tanaka, Jean Lucas ; Scontri, Mateus ; Brasil, Giovana Sant’Ana Pegorin ; Guerra, Nayrim Brizuela ; Assato, Patrícia Akemi ; De Sousa Abreu, Ana Paula ; Bebber, Camila Calderan ; Terra-Garcia, Maíra ; Junqueira, Juliana Campos ; Farhadi, Neda ; Almeida, Ana Marisa Fusco ; Mendes - Giannini, Maria José Soares ; Li, Bingbing ; Herculano, Rondinelli Donizetti ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso ; University of Caxias do Sul (UCS) ; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI) ; California State University Northridge
The excessive plastics production and its inappropriate disposal contribute to unprecedented pollution. Galleria mellonella larvae were chosen as the object of this work, in order to evaluate its ability to biodegrade two types of plastics most common in everyday life: polystyrene (PS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). This research is one of the few that use PS and LDPE as the sole carbon sources in the diet of G. mellonella. We studied how contact with larvae affected both types of plastic, covering morphological, physicochemical and mass loss levels. In this particular work, twenty-five larvae were placed inside glass containers in direct contact with the plastics and incubated in the dark at 28 °C. The results showed that PS had greater biodegradation, indicating 56.12% mass loss, while LDPE was 5.11% degraded. After 7.25 days of testing, the larvae survival rate was 60% for PS and 82% for LDPE. The contact with the larvae changed the material wettability, being more noticeable on the PS surface. The formation of new chemical groups indicated the existence of biodegradation processes in the PS sample, but in LDPE no new bands were observed. After 7.25 days, we evaluated larval survival and pupal formation after contact with PS and LPDE, but no significant differences were observed between the groups. No significant difference on the survival and pupa formation of larvae exposed to both types of plastic was found. We conclude that G. mellonella larvae can be a cost-effective and promising alternative to biodegrade PS and LDPE pieces in plastic waste environments.

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