Seed Dispersal Ecology in Neotropical Melastomataceae

Melastomataceae species successfully colonize, and in many cases dominate, ecosystems ranging from forest to open vegetation, from sea level to mountain summits, and isolated islands. This wide distribution is likely related to species dispersal ability. The dispersal mechanisms are diverse, with various fruit types. Dry and fleshy fruits evolved several times during the radiation of melastomes, and these shifts were accompanied by transitions between forests and grasslands. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the dispersal ecology of Neotropical Melastomataceae. First, we revisit the biology of dry-fruited species and their main dispersal mechanisms. Second, we explore the dispersal ecology of berries, which are keystone resources for a wide diversity of animals. We discuss the traits that contribute to their widespread consumption, provide an assessment of the consumer assemblage, and link frugivory to seed dispersal by evaluating the animal effects on germination outcomes. We argue that Melastomataceae species are excellent models to advance our knowledge of seed dispersal ecology.