Relationship between obesity, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and bone mineral density in elderly subjects aged 80 years and over

Abstract

ABSTRACTObjective This study sought to analyze the relationship between the components and aggravations of body composition (obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity) and bone mineral density in elderly subjects aged ≥80 years.Methods A cross-sectional study design was utilized to assess 128 subjects aged between 80 and 95 years. Body composition and bone mineral density were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Gait speed was assessment by walking test. The statistical analyses included Spearman's correlation, one-way analysis of variance, the chi-squared test, and binary logistic regression analysis.Results The elderly subjects with sarcopenia had lower bone mineral density compared to the obesity group, with higher risk for presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis in the spine (OR: 2.81; CI: 1.11–7.11) and femur (OR: 2.75; CI: 1.02–7.44). Obesity was shown to be a protective factor for osteopenia/osteoporosis in the spine (OR: 0.43; CI: 0.20–0.93) and femur (OR: 0.27; CI: 0.12–0.62).Conclusion It was found that lean mass is more directly related to bone mineral density (total, femur, and spine) and sarcopenia is associated with osteopenia/osteoporosis. Obesity represents a possible protective factor for osteopenia/osteoporosis in elderly subjects aged 80 years and over.

RESUMOObjetivo Analisar a relação entre os componentes e agravos da composição corporal (obesidade, sarcopenia e obesidade sarcopênica) com a densidade mineral óssea em idosos com idade ≥ 80 anos.Métodos Estudo com delineamento transversal que avaliou 128 sujeitos entre 80 e 95 anos. A composição corporal e densidade mineral óssea foram mensuradas por meio da técnica de absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia. A velocidade de caminhada foi avaliada pelo teste de caminhada usual. Para análise estatística foram feitos os testes de correlação de Spearman, análise de variância com um fator, teste qui-quadrado e análise de regressão logística binária.Resultados Os idosos com sarcopenia apresentaram valores menores de DMO quando comparados com o grupo obesidade com maior chance de risco para a presença de osteopenia/osteoporose na coluna (OR: 2,81; IC: 1,11-7,11) e fêmur (OR: 2,75 IC: 1,02-7,44). Obesidade apresentou fator de proteção para osteopenia/osteoporose na coluna (OR: 0,43; IC: 0,20-0,93) e fêmur (OR: 0,27; IC: 0,12-0,62).Conclusão Observou-se que a massa magra está diretamente relacionada com a DMO (total, fêmur e coluna) e que a sarcopenia está associada à osteopenia/osteoporose em idosos com 80 anos ou mais.