Hybrid-permeability model evaluation through concepts of tortuosity and resistance rate: Properties of manufactured hybrid laminate

Abstract

The mechanical properties of composite structures depend on the preform impregnation and a successful impregnation can be achieved using the permeability relation in the case of an infusion process. The objective of this study is to develop an analytical model to predict the permeability K of carbon and glass fabrics through hybrid laminate using different stacking sequence, applying an average-permeability model. Preforms permeabilities were evaluated through tortuosity and void-volume fraction. The model allows the analysis of different stacking sequence combinations (interleaved and in block), measuring the contribution of each material type. As a result, hybrid average-permeability model was validated through experimental permeability tests, dimensionless permeability, and tortuosity results, besides enabling predictions of the flow front behavior with <10% of deviation. Carbon fiber preforms exhibited higher flow resistance, which is explained via tortuosity concept. A combination of carbon/glass preforms presented an increased permeability, which means a synergy that provides higher value of K. In addition, the use of hybrid preforms, especially Hybrid 2 stacking sequence, reduce the injection time and void formation, ensuring composite impregnation quality. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1215–1222 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers.