Diabetes and pregnancy: An update of the problem

Pregnancies complicated by diabetes account for about 7% of all pregnancies attended by the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System (SUS) and are one of the main causes of maternal/perinatal morbidity and mortality in Brazil. Considering the importance of this topic, this article presents an update of diabetes classification, diagnostic criteria, maternal/perinatal outcomes, and both clinical and obstetric prenatal care. Even though there is no consensus about screening and diagnostic standards, the investigation of hyperglycemia in all risk pregnancies is recommended. The importance of adequate metabolic control is emphasized in order to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Finally, the development of educational programs is encouraged, viewing not only good gestational outcome but also long-term changes in the lifestyle of these women. © by São Paulo State University.

Keywords

Diabetes and pregnancy, Diagnosis, Perinatal prognosis, Treatment, insulin, insulin glargine, insulin lispro, cardiotocography, clinical trial, disease association, disease course, exercise, follow up, glucose tolerance test, health hazard, health program, human, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, intrauterine contraceptive device, macrosomia, maternal morbidity, metabolic regulation, non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, perinatal morbidity, pregnancy diabetes mellitus, prenatal care, review