Metabolic profile and genotoxicity in obese rats exposed to cigarette smoke

Objective Experimental studies have shown that exposure to cigarette smoke has negative effects on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress status. Cigarette smoke exposure in nonpregnant and pregnant rats causes significant genotoxicity (DNA damage). However, no previous studies have directly evaluated the effects of obesity or the association between obesity and cigarette smoke exposure on genotoxicity. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate DNA damage levels, oxidative stress status and lipid profiles in obese Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Design and Methods Female rats subcutaneously (sc) received a monosodium glutamate solution or vehicle (control) during the neonatal period to induce obesity. The rats were randomly distributed into three experimental groups: control, obese exposed to filtered air, and obese exposed to tobacco cigarette smoke. After a 2-month exposure period, the rats were anesthetized and killed to obtain blood samples for genotoxicity, lipid profile, and oxidative stress status analyses. Results The obese rats exposed to tobacco cigarette smoke presented higher DNA damage, triglycerides, total cholesterol, free fatty acids, VLDL-c, HDL-c, and LDL-c levels compared to control and obese rats exposed to filtered air. Both obese groups showed reduced SOD activity. These results showed that cigarette smoke enhanced the effects of obesity. Conclusion In conclusion, the association between obesity and cigarette smoke exposure exacerbated the genotoxicity, negatively impacted the biochemical profile and antioxidant defenses and caused early glucose intolerance. Thus, the changes caused by cigarette smoke exposure can trigger the earlier onset of metabolic disorders associated with obesity, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Copyright © 2012 The Obesity Society.

Keywords

cholesterol, fatty acid, glutamate sodium, glutathione peroxidase, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, triacylglycerol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, animal experiment, animal model, blood sampling, cholesterol blood level, controlled study, DNA damage, enzyme activity, fatty acid blood level, female, glucose intolerance, lipid metabolism, nonhuman, obesity, oxidative stress, protein expression, protein function, rat, smoking, triacylglycerol blood level, Nicotiana tabacum, Rattus, Rattus norvegicus