Cytogenetic damage of oral mucosa by consumption of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs

Background:The aim of the present study was to quantitatively evaluate micronuclei (MN) in the mucosa of users of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs in a Brazilian population.Methods:Patients were divided: (i) experimental group - 24 patients users of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs from the Center of Psychosocial Care for Alcohol and other Drugs (CAPSad), Sao Jose dos Campos city, and (ii) control group: 24 patients attending the clinics of the Sao Jose dos Campos Dental School FOSJC-UNESP. Criterion for inclusion in the two groups was no visible clinical alteration in the oral mucosa. Exfoliative cytology specimens were obtained from the left side of the border of the tongue. Feulgen staining was used and 600 cells per subject were evaluated by light microscopy.Results:The frequency of MN and micronucleated cells was analysed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The incidence of MN was 3.08 +/- 3.20 in the CAPSad group and 2.08 +/- 1.93 in the control group. The frequency of micronucleated cells was 2.38 +/- 2.57 in the CAPSad group and 1.42 +/- 1.25 in the control group.Conclusion:The results showed a higher frequency of MN and micronucleated cells in the CAPSad group, but the difference compared with the control group was not significant.