Electrochemical Interfaces Enhanced by Silver Nanoparticles: Insights from Biosensing Research

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attrached substantial attention in biosensor research due to their exceptional conductivity, electrocatalytic activity, and large surface area, which makes them valuable for designing electrodes in electrochemical biosensors, particularly for detecting cancer biomarkers. In this review, the role of AgNPs in improving the performance of biosensors, particularly in signal amplification, biomolecule immobilization, and lowering detection limits is discussed. Electrochemical biosensors, recognized for their high sensitivity, specificity, and cost-effectiveness, are powerful tools for early cancer diagnosis, which is vital for reducing mortality. Here, key aspects of biosensor design, signal transduction mechanisms, and nanomaterial-enabled improvements, with emphasis on AgNP-based platforms are introduced. Recent studies are examined to highlight how AgNPs improve biosensor efficacy. We also address the technical challenges associated with AgNP-based platforms, such as stability, reproducibility, and biocompatibility, many of which are common across nanomaterial-based electrochemical systems. By merging recent advances and identifying current limitations, this review aims to pave the road for future innovations in cancer diagnostics using electrochemical biosensors. The insights presented can also guide the broader application of AgNP-based interfaces in biomedine and related electrochemical methods. Silver nanoparticles enhance biosensor sensitivity and signal amplificationSurface coating strategies improve stability and biomolecule immobilizationSilver-based biosensors enable sensitive detection of cancer biomarkersCurrent challenges include stability, biocompatibility, and device integrationFuture trends include hybrid nanomaterials and wearable diagnostic platforms Silver nanoparticles enhance biosensor sensitivity and signal amplification Surface coating strategies improve stability and biomolecule immobilization Silver-based biosensors enable sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers Current challenges include stability, biocompatibility, and device integration Future trends include hybrid nanomaterials and wearable diagnostic platforms