An Unexpectedly High Rate of Thrombophilia Disorders in Patients with Superficial Vein Thrombosis of the Lower Extremities

Abstract

Background Superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) is a common venous condition. Recent studies have shown that SVT is associated with high frequency of thromboembolic complications: from 22–37% for deep venous thrombosis and up to 33% for pulmonary embolism. Our goal was to assess the prevalence of major hereditary and acquired thrombophilic factors in patients with SVT. Methods Sixty-six patients presenting with primary SVT underwent evaluation for thrombophilia: molecular testing for the factor V Leiden and factor II G20210 A (prothrombin) mutations, protein C, protein S, antithrombin deficiency, presence of lupus anticoagulant, as well as anticardiolipin antibody titers. Patients aged less than 18 years, with confirmed deep vein thrombosis, and pregnant women were excluded. Results 95.5% were Caucasian, and 62.1% were female gender. Age ranged from 21–88 years. Molecular testing showed that 34.2% of patients were heterozygous for factor V Leiden, 23.6% were heterozygous for the factor II mutation, 7.8% had antithrombin deficiency, 2.6% had protein S deficiency, and 2.1% had protein C deficiency. Conclusions Our study showed that hereditary and acquired thrombophilias are higher than previously expected and reported.