Self-Esteem, Vocal Satisfaction, and Vocal Self-Perception Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) and Cisgender Heterosexual Individuals

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the associations and differences between lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals and cisgender heterosexual (CH) individuals regarding self-reported self-esteem, vocal satisfaction, and vocal self-perception using descriptive terms. METHODS: This was an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study with 382 participants divided into two groups: 187 self-identified LGB individuals (G1) and 195 CH individuals (G2). Data were collected using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, a vocal satisfaction scale, and Descriptive Terms for Voice. Statistical analyses were conducted with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: LGB individuals showed significantly lower levels of self-esteem and vocal satisfaction compared to CH individuals. G1 was 38% less likely to achieve high self-esteem and showed reduced vocal satisfaction scores. The term "high-pitched" was significantly associated with G1. While 58.3% of G1 reported vocal dissatisfaction, only 41% of G2 expressed similar concerns. Additionally, LGB individuals reported a greater need to modify their voices to achieve social passability. CONCLUSION: LGB individuals presented significantly lower levels of vocal satisfaction and self-esteem compared to CH individuals, with LGB participants being 38% less likely to attain a satisfactory self-esteem classification. They also showed reduced vocal satisfaction. Furthermore, a significant association was found between the term "high-pitched" and LGB individuals, highlighting the impact of cultural stigmas on how these populations describe their voices and face unique challenges related to vocal self-perception, often influenced by social stereotypes and heteronormativity.