Complex scalar dark matter in a B - L model

Abstract

In this work, we implement a complex scalar dark matter (DM) candidate in a U(1)B-L gauge extension of the Standard Model. The model contains three right-handed neutrinos with different quantum numbers and a rich scalar sector, with extra doublets and singlets. In principle, these extra scalars can have vacuum expectation values (VΦ and Vφ for the extra doublets and singlets, respectively) belonging to different energy scales. In the context of ζ≡VΦVφ1, which allows one to obtain naturally light active neutrino masses and mixing compatible with neutrino experiments, the DM candidate arises by imposing a Z2 symmetry on a given complex singlet, φ2, in order to make it stable. After doing a study of the scalar potential and the gauge sector, we obtain all the DM-dominant processes concerning the relic abundance and direct detection. Then, for a representative set of parameters, we find that a complex DM with mass around 200 GeV, for example, is compatible with the current experimental constraints without resorting to resonances. However, additional compatible solutions with heavier masses can be found in vicinities of resonances. Finally, we address the issue of having a light CP-odd scalar in the model showing that it is safe concerning the Higgs and the Zμ-boson invisible decay widths, and also astrophysical constraints regarding energy loss in stars.