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Representações sociais das escalas geográficas por estudantes do Ensino Fundamental II

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Educação - IB

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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

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Dissertação de mestrado

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Resumo (português)

Vivemos em um mundo social, em que na interação entre os seres humanos são construídas representações sociais, as quais estão relacionadas com um modo particular de compreender a realidade e se comunicar com os outros sujeitos. Elas podem ser um caminho para o entendimento de como os indivíduos representam o mundo em que vivem, tendo como referência as escalas geográficas, definidas como um artifício que dá visibilidade ao real. Os estudos sobre representações têm grande destaque nas pesquisas em Educação e, entendendo que são uma forma de pensamento social, a compreensão sobre elas contribui para analisar um conjunto de variáveis, fatos e fenômenos que envolvem o processo educativo. Considerando essa relevância, a pesquisa teve como objetivo geral compreender as representações sociais das escalas geográficas por alunos do Ensino Fundamental II, ou seja, quais são as relações dos sujeitos com esse objeto representacional, indispensável para o processo de ensinar e aprender geografia. A pesquisa adotou uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo como instrumentos de coleta de dados o mapa mental e a entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram da pesquisa 101 estudantes de turmas do 6° ao 9° ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola rural localizada no município de Rio Claro (SP). Os dados qualitativos foram sistematizados e interpretados a partir da análise de conteúdo em uma vertente semântica, a qual considerou as articulações entre os dados e os processos de objetivação e ancoragem, as relações entre as ideias sobre as escalas geográficas e as esferas de pertença das representações sociais e as comparações entre as palavras, expressões e imagens dos estudantes no que se refere às escalas. Como resultados da investigação, conclui-se que as escalas geográficas, enquanto objeto representacional, moldam o que sabemos sobre o mundo; são uma noção fundamental para a representação da realidade; e que as representações sobre escalas estão associadas a diferentes imagens e palavras, havendo contradições e compartilhamento de representações por estudantes de diferentes anos do Ensino Fundamental II. Por fim, defende-se que a escala geográfica é uma noção, conceito e categoria indispensável para ensinar e aprender geografia, já que através dela é possível interpretar o mundo sob uma perspectiva crítica, integrada e complexa.

Resumo (inglês)

We live in a social world, in which social representations are constructed in the interaction between human beings, which are related to a particular way of understanding reality and communicating with other subjects. They can be a path to the understanding of how individuals represent the world in which they live, using geographic scales as a reference, defined as an artifice that gives visibility to reality. Studies on representations have great prominence in research in Education and, understanding that they are a form of social thought, understanding them contributes to analyzing a set of variables, facts and phenomena that involve the educational process. Considering this relevance, the research had the general objective of understanding the social representations of geographic scales by students in Elementary School II, that is, what are the relationships between subjects and this representational object, essential for the process of teaching and learning geography. The research adopted a qualitative approach, using the mind map and semi-structured interview as data collection instruments. One hundred and one students from classes from the 6th to the 9th year of Elementary School at a rural school located in the city of Rio Claro (SP) participated in the research. The qualitative data were systematized and interpreted based on content analysis in a semantic aspect, which considered the articulations between the data and the processes of objectification and anchoring, the relationships between ideas about geographic scales and the spheres of belonging of social representations and comparisons between students' words, expressions and images in relation to the scales. As results of the investigation, it is concluded that geographic scales, as a representational object, shape what we know about the world; they are a fundamental notion for the representation of reality; and that representations on scales are associated with different images and words, with contradictions and sharing of representations by students from different years of Elementary School II. Finally, it is argued that the geographic scale is an indispensable notion, concept and category for teaching and learning geography, since through it it is possible to interpret the world from a critical, integrated and complex perspective.

Descrição

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Português

Citação

SOUZA, José Vitor Rossi. Representações sociais das escalas geográficas por estudantes do Ensino Fundamental II. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, 166 p.

Publicações relacionadas

Tipo de item:Publicação, Trabalho de conclusão de cursoAcesso aberto Acesso aberto
As tendências pedagógicas e o ensino de Geografia: entre rupturas e continuidades
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2021-03-29)
Souza, José Vitor Rossi
;
Maia, Diego Corrêa
;
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
School practices are permeated by different objectives, means and theoretical and methodological assumptions, and the representations of these concepts translate philosophical concepts about the world. These pedagogical references act, intentionally or not, in the concepts of world/society, in the teaching methods used and in the evaluation methods, including having school institutions as spaces of great importance in the effectiveness of pedagogical conceptions. Such variables are linked to different pedagogical tendencies and, historically, several of them have influenced and influence the teaching of Geography, such as the traditional, scholar, technician and historical-critical. Therefore, this research seeks to review the trajectory of School Geography in order to demonstrate how the teaching of Geography, in its theoretical foundations and discourses about the practice, is related to pedagogical tendencies. In addition, more specifically, it also aims to discuss how the teaching of this discipline has been marked by ruptures and continuities for over more than two centuries, emphasizing that it is currently permeated, synchronously, by various tendencies, showing relationships between the new and the old. As a research methodology, of an exploratory and qualitative nature, a wide bibliographic review was carried out (based on authors from Didactics, Philosophy of Education, History of Education, Teaching of Geography, among others) and also documentary analysis. As a starting point, the systematization of tendencies was chosen: traditional, renewed non-directive, renewed progressive, technicist, liberating, libertarian and social-critical of the contents. Subsequently, these tendencies were linked to the analysis of the contents of Geography, to textbooks, to the study proposals of the milieu / fieldwork and also to the curricular guidelines (CENP Proposal, National Curriculum Parameters and Common Curricular National Base). As a result, it was concluded that there are no isolated periods with regard to the influence of certain tendencies and that, nowadays, there is a recovery of assumptions from the past, which are widespread as being innovative. Finally, the relevance of this work is justified, among other reasons, by the fact that it provides a subsidy for a more conscious teaching practice about its pedagogical and epistemological foundations and also to assist in the search for the origins of ideas that circulate about the teaching of Geography.

Unidades

Tipo de item:Unidade,
Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências - IB
IB
Campus: Rio Claro

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Tipo de item:Programa de pós-graduação,