Mannich Bases: Promising Scaffolds for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Mannich bases, synthesized through the reaction of an aldehyde, a primary or secondary amine, and a compound bearing an acidic hydrogen atom, represent a versatile class of scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. This review explores their broad spectrum of biological activities, emphasizing their potential in combating infectious diseases. With demonstrated efficacy against bacteria, fungi, and parasites, Mannich bases stand out as promising candidates for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Their versatility arises from the ability of their electronic, steric, and conformational parameters to modulate receptor interactions, significantly expanding their applicability in drug design. The review provides an in-depth analysis of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of Mannich bases, highlighting how specific structural modifications enhance their biological activity. Additionally, it examines the lipophilic properties of these compounds, offering key insights into their influence on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. This understanding is essential for optimizing the development of novel therapeutics, particularly for addressing challenging infectious diseases. By integrating these aspects, this review underscores the pivotal role of Mannich bases in overcoming current challenges in drug resistance and shaping the future of drug discovery and development.