Multistage planning for active power distribution systems with increasing penetration of prosumers and electric vehicles

This paper proposes a new model for the multistage planning of active distribution systems, considering the participation of prosumers and electric vehicles (EVs) and their increasing penetration. The planning problem is formulated as a mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) model and solved through a novel matheuristic technique that can attain high-quality local optimal solutions, while guaranteeing their feasibility regarding the original non-linear and non-convex problem. Planning actions involve the installation of distributed generation (DG) systems, electrical energy storage (EES) systems, and fixed and switchable capacitor banks (CBs), as well as substation upgrades and reconductoring. The variability of demand and energy resources is modeled through representative daily profiles (RDPs) in order to preserve the temporal transition of the system operation (useful for EES modeling). A new method to determine the RDPs is proposed, which allows to emphasize in critical scenarios, as those of maximum and minimum demand. Moreover, the model guarantees periodical CO2 emission reductions in order to be on track to limit global warming. To properly weight up these emissions, CO2 emissions from distribution system operation and CO2 emission reduction from EV adoption are accounted for. To show the effectiveness of the proposed model and to analyze the impacts of prosumers and EVs on the distribution planning, tests are carried out in a 69-node distribution system, considering three case studies with different penetration levels of prosumers and EVs.