Green Synthesis of Magnetic ZnO Nanocomposites and Potential Applications—A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Environmental contamination is a significant challenge, and nanotechnology shows promise in restoring ecosystems impacted by human activity. Magnetic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are notable for their antimicrobial and photocatalytic properties, making them valuable for various environmental and medical applications. Their ability to be recovered and reused in the presence of a magnetic field enhances process sustainability. Furthermore, green synthesis using low-toxicity biological agents such as plant extracts and microorganisms offers a safer and more eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods. This systematic review examines the green synthesis of magnetic ZnO nanocomposites, highlighting advanced production techniques, methods, and potential applications. Four of the eleven studies analyzed specifically address the photocatalytic activity of green-synthesized ZnO nanocomposites, emphasizing their promise in environmental domains.