Randomized clinical trial of photobiomodulation and glass ionomer sealant for hypersensitivity in molar incisor hypomineralization

Abstract

This study evaluated the impact of photobiomodulation (PBM) combined with glass ionomer sealant on hypersensitivity, oral hygiene, and sealant retention in molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Forty-nine children (6–12 years) with MIH (Grade 3, 4a, or 4b) per MIH-TNI criteria were randomly assigned to two groups: control (n = 25, fluoride toothpaste, sealant with self-curing glass ionomer cement, simulated PBM) and treatment (n = 24, fluoride toothpaste, sealant with self-curing glass ionomer cement, active PBM). Hypersensitivity (SCASS, VAS), oral hygiene (OHI-S), and sealant retention (CCC system) were assessed. Forty-six children completed the study and were evaluated. At all post-baseline time points, the treatment group showed significantly lower VAS and SCASS scores (p < 0.05). OHI-S improved in both groups, with a positive correlation between reduced hypersensitivity and better oral hygiene. Sealant retention was higher in the treatment group after 30 days, with 56.5% of teeth showing complete retention versus 17.4% in the control group (p = 0.002). In the control group, greater hypersensitivity correlated with worse retention. PBM combined with glass ionomer cement reduces hypersensitivity, improves oral hygiene, and enhances sealant retention in MIH-affected molars. The combined treatment provides superior results in hypersensitivity reduction and sealant retention compared to sealant alone, offering a more effective approach for managing MIH.Trial registration: NCT05370417 in ClinicalTrials.gov