Araraquara - FOAR - Faculdade de Odontologia

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Endocannabinoid system and periodontitis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications
(Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, 2023-12-04) Soares, Lélio Fernando Ferreira ; Faria, Luan Viana ; Cirelli, Joni Augusto
Introduction: Periodontitis is a major public health problem. Although the principle of periodontitis therapy is mainly focused on removing dental biofilm and associated factors, its physiopathology enrolls different molecular and inflammatory events related to the host immune system, as the participation of the endocannabinoid system. Objective: This review aimed to explore and elucidate the mechanisms and roles of the endocannabinoid system on periodontitis physiopathology and its possibilities for future related therapies. Material and method: An electronic search was carried out on the PubMed platform for studies involving the action of the endocannabinoid system on periodontitis. Result: Nineteen clinical and preclinical studies were included in this narrative review. Conclusion: Cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2 are integral components of the endocannabinoid system, manifesting in various forms in the periodontal tissues. The actions and mechanisms through which cannabinoid receptors are activated in healthy or inflamed sites remain the focus of ongoing investigations. Moreover, phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids show therapeutic potential, with pre-clinical studies indicating benefits in reducing inflammation and facilitating tissue repair.
Efeito do clareamento caseiro e de consultório e de técnicas de polimento na rugosidade, topografia, dureza e alteração de massa de materiais monolíticos CAD/CAM
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2024-02-29) Oliveira, Jailson Junior Rodrigues ; Fonseca, Renata Garcia ; Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara (FOAr)
O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do clareamento caseiro e de consultório e de técnicas de polimento na rugosidade (Sa), topografia, microdureza (VHN) e alteração de massa em materiais monolíticos CAD/CAM. Discos de Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (VE), IPS Empress CAD (EMP), IPS e.max CAD (EMAX) e Vita Suprinity (VS) foram alocados em seis grupos: 1) sem tratamento (controle), 2) polimento com pastas profiláticas do sistema Proxyt; 3) polimento com pontas de silicone do sistema Ceramisté; 4) clareamento com peróxido de carbamida a 10% (Opalescence PF – Ultradent) 6 h/dia por 7 dias; 5) clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% (Whiteness HP Blue – FGM) - 1 aplicação de 45 min e 6) jato profilático com Clinpro Prophy Powder. As análises de rugosidade (n=12/grupo), microdureza (n=10/grupo) e alteração de massa (n=12/grupo). Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA a 1 Fator (tratamento) para cada material (α=0,05). A topografia foi realizada em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. O Proxyt e Ceramisté promoveram maior rugosidade do LU (também o Clinpro Prophy Powder) e VE. No EMP, todos os tratamentos promoveram aumento da rugosidade. O Proxyt e Clinpro Prophy Powder promoveram maior rugosidade no EMAX (também o Whiteness HP Blue) e VS. A microdureza do LU não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos. O Proxyt no VE e o Ceramisté e Opalescence PF no EMP promoveram aumento da microdureza. O Whiteness HP Blue e Clinpro Prophy Powder reduziram a microdureza do EMAX (também o Proxyt) e VS. Todos os tratamentos promoveram perda de massa no LU, EMP, EMAX e VS, com exceção dos grupos tratados com Clinpro Prophy Powder no EMP e EMAX. No VE, o Ceramisté e Clinpro Prophy Powder não promoveram perda de massa significante. As etapas iniciais dos sistemas Proxyt e Ceramisté promoveram as maiores alterações na topografia do LU, enquanto no VE, maior degradação foi causada pelo Ceramisté e Opalescence PF. Apenas o Clinpro Prophy Powder não promoveu alterações consideráveis no EMP. Os dois géis clareadores e o Clinpro Prophy Powder causaram maiores alterações no EMAX e, no VS, o Opalescence PF foi o único tratamento que afetou sua topografia. O efeito dos tratamentos foi material-dependente, porém, o Proxyt afetou adversamente uma ou mais propriedades em todos os materiais.
Investigação de IRS-2 e SOD-1 em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 e Periodontite submetidos a tratamento periodontal
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2024-03-07) Caldeira, François Isnaldo Dias ; Caminaga, Raquel Mantuaneli Scarel
As interações entre Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), Dislipidemia e Periodontite (P) são influenciadas pela disfunção da resposta imune e pelo aumento do estresse glico-oxidativo. A proteína Substrato 2 do Receptor de Insulina (IRS-2) é de grande importância na via de sinalização da insulina, servindo como uma molécula adaptadora de quinases que participam da transdução do sinal da insulina. No contexto do DM2, a Superóxido Dismutase (SOD) atua como uma das principais enzimas antioxidantes para controlar o estresse glico-oxidativo. O objetivo deste estudo longitudinal é investigar se a expressão gênica e proteica de IRS-2 e SOD é modulada pelo tratamento periodontal. Foram investigados 156 indivíduos, divididos em 5 grupos com pelo menos 30 indivíduos em cada grupo: DM2_Descompensado+P; DM2_Compensado+P; DM2_Sem_P; Periodontite e Controle. Cada participante teve seu perfil glicêmico, lipídico e periodontal examinado antes e após o término do tratamento periodontal básico e/ou cirúrgico dependendo do grupo e das necessidades de cada paciente. A expressão dos genes IRS2 e SOD1 foi investigada nos leucócitos, na ocasião da realização do exame bioquímico. Dos pacientes que tiveram indicação de tratamento cirúrgico, um pequeno fragmento de tecido gengival que seria descartado, foi obtido para avaliação histológica, estereométrica e imunohistoquímica para quantificar células imunomarcadas com IRS-2. A atividade enzimática de SOD foi avaliada na saliva por meio da espectrofotometria. Níveis mais elevados de mRNA de SOD1 foram encontrados em pacientes Controle, tanto no início quanto no final do estudo. Por outro lado, níveis mais altos de mRNA de IRS2 foram observados em pacientes com Periodontite no início do estudo, mas não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nessa expressão no final do estudo. Em relação à atividade enzimática de SOD (U/ml) na saliva, foram observados menores níveis em indivíduos com DM2_Compensado+P. A concentração da atividade de SOD (U/g) na saliva foi significativamente maior de pacientes com Periodontite e DM2_Descompensado+P. Uma correlação foi observada entre as expressões gênicas de IRS2 e SOD1. A análise imunohistoquímica para IRS-2 apresentou um grande infiltrado inflamatório composto por células polimorfonucleares marcadas imunopositivamente nos grupos DM2+P. Conclui-se que este estudo fornece evidências sobre as mudanças nos níveis transcricionais e traducionais de SOD1 e IRS2 em pacientes com T2DM e periodontite, com influência da terapia periodontal não cirúrgica.
Inhibition of salty taste and sodium appetite by estrogens in spontaneously hypertensive rats
(2023-01-01) Pereira, Emilson Donizete ; Zenatti, Aline Aparecida ; Menani, José Vanderlei ; De Luca, Laurival Antonio ; Andrade, Carina A. F. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Estrogen has a well-known effect of reducing salt intake in rats. This mini review focuses on recent findings regarding the interaction of estradiol with brain angiotensin II to control increased sodium palatability that occurs as a result of sodium appetite in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Effects of red and infrared laser on post extraction socket repair in rats subjected to alendronate therapy
(2023-01-01) Gonçalves, Fernanda Castanheira ; Mascaro, Bruno Arruda ; Oliveira, Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes de ; Spolidório, Luis Carlos ; Marcantonio, Rosemary Adriana Chiérici ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)
This study evaluated the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with a red or infrared laser on the repair of post extraction sockets in rats administered alendronate (ALN). Forty male rats were randomly allocated into four groups: Control Group (CTR): subcutaneous administration of saline solution throughout the experimental period; Alendronate Group (ALN): subcutaneous administration of alendronate during the entire experimental period; Alendronate/Red Laser Group (ALN/RL): administration of ALN and irradiation with a GaAlAs laser (λ 660 nm); and Alendronate/Infrared Laser Group (ALN/IRL): administration of ALN and irradiation with a GaAlAs laser (λ 830 nm). The first lower molars were extracted 60 days after the beginning of the administration of the drugs. The PBMT was applied after tooth extraction (7 sessions with intervals of 48 hours between sessions). Thirty days after tooth extraction, the animals were euthanized. Micro-CT and histometric analysis were performed to assess the bone healing and soft tissue repair of the tooth socket. The ALN group presented with more bone than the CTR; however, most of this bone was necrotic. ALN does not affect the bone microarchitecture. On the other hand, PBMT with IRL enhances the bone density due to the increase in the number and reduction in the spacing of the trabeculae. The amount of vital bone and connective tissue matrix was higher in the ALN/RL and ALN/IRL groups than in the ALN and CTR groups. PBMT enhanced the healing of the post extraction sockets in rats subjected to ALN administration. Furthermore, IRL improved the new bone microarchitecture.
Zerumbone Disturbs the Extracellular Matrix of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans Biofilms
(2023-05-01) Abreu-Pereira, César Augusto ; Gorayb-Pereira, Ana Luiza ; Menezes Noveletto, João Vinícius ; Jordão, Cláudia Carolina ; Pavarina, Ana Cláudia ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
This study assessed the effect of zerumbone (ZER) against fluconazole-resistant (CaR) and -susceptible Candida albicans (CaS) biofilms and verified the influence of ZER on extracellular matrix components. Initially, to determine the treatment conditions, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and the survival curve were evaluated. Biofilms were formed for 48 h and exposed to ZER at concentrations of 128 and 256 µg/mL for 5, 10 and 20 min (n = 12). One group of biofilms did not receive the treatment in order to monitor the effects. The biofilms were evaluated to determine the microbial population (CFU/mL), and the extracellular matrix components (water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins and extracellular DNA (eDNA), as well as the biomass (total and insoluble) were quantified. The MIC value of ZER for CaS was 256 μg/mL, and for CaR, it was 64 μg/mL. The survival curve and the MFC value coincided for CaS (256 μg/mL) and CaR (128 μg/mL). ZER reduced the cellular viability by 38.51% for CaS and by 36.99% for CaR. ZER at 256 µg/mL also reduced the total biomass (57%), insoluble biomass (45%), WSP (65%), proteins (18%) and eDNA (78%) of CaS biofilms. In addition, a reduction in insoluble biomass (13%), proteins (18%), WSP (65%), ASP (10%) and eDNA (23%) was also observed in the CaR biofilms. ZER was effective against fluconazole-resistant and -susceptible C. albicans biofilms and disturbed the extracellular matrix.
Etch-and-rinse versus self-etch strategy of a universal adhesive in different application methods at the bonding interface of fiber post cementation
(2023-01-01) Barros, Antonia Patricia Oliveira ; de Melo Alencar, Cristiane ; Zambon, Matheus ; de Andrade, Marcelo Ferrarezi ; Fernández, Eduardo ; Kuga, Milton Carlos ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; University Center of the State of Pará ; Universidad Autonoma de Chile
Objective: To evaluate the effect of etch-and-rinse (ER) versus self-etch (SE) strategies of a universal adhesive applied with a manual brush (MB) or rotary brush (RB) on the bonding interface of fiber post cementation. Methods: Forty bovine incisor roots were prepared and divided into four groups according to the methods of application and strategy of universal adhesive use (MB-ER, RB-ER, MB-SE and RB-SE). After 6 months, specimens from different thirds of the post space were evaluated of push-out strength, analysis of adhesive failure patterns, and extent of tags. Results: The RB-ER and RB-SE groups showed the highest bond strength values in the cervical and middle thirds of the post space. Cohesive adhesive failure had the highest incidence in the different thirds of the post space in the ER strategy, regardless of the adhesive application method. The RB-ER group showed the highest tag extensions. Conclusions: The protocols of universal adhesive application with RB provided the greater bond strength, but only the ER strategy favored the formation of a greater extension of tags at the adhesive interface. Clinical Significance: The application of universal adhesive with RB into the post space increases the strength of the post-cemented fiber bond.
Post-partum depression: From clinical understanding to preclinical assessments
(2023-01-01) Moreira, Lorrane K. S. ; Moreira, Caroline V. L. ; Custódio, Carlos H. X. ; Dias, Matheus L. P. ; Rosa, Daniel A. ; Ferreira-Neto, Marcos L. ; Colombari, Eduardo ; Costa, Elson A. ; Fajemiroye, James O. ; Pedrino, Gustavo R. ; Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) ; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Evangelical University of Goiás
Post-partum depression (PPD) with varying clinical manifestations affecting new parents remains underdiagnosed and poorly treated. This minireview revisits the pharmacotherapy, and relevant etiological basis, capable of advancing preclinical research frameworks. Maternal tasks accompanied by numerous behavioral readouts demand modeling different paradigms that reflect the complex and heterogenous nature of PPD. Hence, effective PPD-like characterization in animals towards the discovery of pharmacological intervention demands research that deepens our understanding of the roles of hormonal and non-hormonal components and mediators of this psychiatric disorder.
Palatability profile in spontaneously hypertensive rats
(2023-01-01) Pereira, Emilson Donizete ; De Luca, Laurival A. ; Menani, José Vanderlei ; Andrade, Carina Aparecida Fabrício ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) have enhanced palatability for NaCl taste as measured by the increased number of hedonic versus aversive responses to intraoral infusion (1 mL/1 min) of 0.3 M NaCl, in a taste reactivity test in euhydrated condition or after 24 h of water deprivation + 2 h of partial rehydration (WD-PR). SHRs also ingested more sucrose than normotensive rats, without differences in quinine hydrochloride intake. Here, we investigated the palatability of SHRs (n = 8–10) and normotensive Holtzman rats (n = 8–10) to sucrose and quinine sulphate infused intraorally in the same conditions that NaCl palatability was increased in SHRs. SHRs had similar number of hedonic responses to 2% sucrose in euhydrated condition (95 ± 19) or after WD-PR (142 ± 25), responses increased when compared with normotensive rats in euhydrated condition (13 ± 3) or after WD-PR (21 ± 6). SHRs also showed increased number of aversive responses to 1.4 mM quinine sulphate compared with normotensive rats, whether in euhydrated condition (86 ± 6, vs. normotensive: 54 ± 7) or after WD-PR (89 ± 9, vs. normotensive: 40 ± 9). The results suggest that similar to NaCl taste, sweet taste responses are increased in SHRs and resistant to challenges in bodily fluid balance. They also showed a more intense aversive response in SHRs to bitter taste compared with normotensives. This suggests that the enhanced response of SHRs to taste rewards does not correspond to a decreased response to a typical aversive taste.
Photo-responsive polymeric micelles for the light-triggered release of curcumin targeting antimicrobial activity
(2023-01-01) Trigo-Gutierrez, Jeffersson Krishan ; Calori, Italo Rodrigo ; de Oliveira Bárbara, Geovana ; Pavarina, Ana Claudia ; Gonçalves, Renato Sonchini ; Caetano, Wilker ; Tedesco, Antonio Claudio ; Mima, Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; State University of Maringá
Nanocarriers have been successfully used to solubilize, deliver, and increase the bioavailability of curcumin (CUR), but slow CUR release rates hinder its use as a topical photosensitizer in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. A photo-responsive polymer (PRP) was designed for the light-triggered release of CUR with an effective light activation-dependent antimicrobial response. The characterization of the PRP was compared with non-responsive micelles comprising Pluronics™ P123 and F127. According to the findings, the PRP formed photo-responsive micelles in the nanometric scale (< 100 nm) with a lower critical micelle concentration (3.74 × 10−4 M−1, 5.8 × 10−4 M−1, and 7.2 × 10−6 M−1 for PRP, F127, P123, respectively, at 25°C) and higher entrapment efficiency of CUR (88.7, 77.2, and 72.3% for PRP, F127, and P123 micelles, respectively) than the pluronics evaluated. The PRP provided enhanced protection of CUR compared to P123 micelles, as demonstrated in fluorescence quenching studies. The light-triggered release of CUR from PRP occurred with UV light irradiation (at 355 nm and 25 mW cm−2) and a cumulative release of 88.34% of CUR within 1 h compared to 80% from pluronics after 36 h. In vitro studies showed that CUR-loaded PRP was non-toxic to mammal cell, showed inactivation of the pathogenic microorganisms Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and decreased biofilm biomass when associated with blue light (455 nm, 33.84 J/cm2). The findings show that the CUR-loaded PRP micelle is a viable option for antimicrobial activity.
Bacterial response to Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta alloy incorporated with calcium, phosphate and magnesium
(2023-05-01) dos Reis, Bárbara Araújo ; Da Ponte Leguizamón, Natalia ; Del Rey, Yumi Chokyu ; Fernandes, Leandro ; do Nascimento, Cássio ; Vaz, Luis Geraldo ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
High implant survival rates have been achieved in recent decades due to continual modifications in implant design and surface topography, however there is still an ongoing quest to control peri-implant bone loss. The objective of this work was to develop Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta (TNZT) alloys, perform physicochemical and morphological characterization of their surface modified by electrolytic oxidative plasma technique with ions related to osseointegration and lastly evaluate bacterial colonization in vitro. Three groups were evaluated: C group (polished TNZT), CaP group (sodium β glycerophosphate + calcium acetate) and Mg group (magnesium acetate). Before and after anodizing the surfaces, physicochemical and morphological analyses were performed: scanning electron microscopy with field emission gun (FEG-SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (DRX), wettability (goniometer) and roughness (rugometer). Controlled and treated specimens were contaminated with unstimulated saliva collected from 10 healthy volunteers. Then, biofilm samples were collected and up to 35 microbial species, including commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, were identified and quantified by the Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization method. The CaP group modified the surface morphology in the form of pores, while the Mg group modified it in the form of flakes. The contact angle was significantly smaller in the CaP group. The average roughness was higher in the CaP and Mg groups. A smaller total amount of bacteria was identified in the Mg group and relevant differences were found in the microbial profile associated with different surface treatments. Therefore, considering the microbiological profile and for the prevention of peri-implantitis, the Mg group presented more satisfactory and encouraging results for the manufacture of dental implants Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Reliability and lifetime of lithium disilicate, 3Y-TZP, and 5Y-TZP zirconia crowns with different occlusal thicknesses
(2023-01-01) Adabo, Gelson Luis ; Longhini, Diogo ; Baldochi, Mariana Ribeiro ; Bergamo, Edmara Tatiely Pedroso ; Bonfante, Estevam Augusto ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Objectives: To assess the probability of survival of crowns made with a 3Y-TZP, a 5Y-TZP, and a lithium disilicate. Materials and methods: CAD-CAM premolar crowns with occlusal thicknesses of 1.0 mm or 1.5 mm and cemented on a metal dye. Step-stress accelerated life testing (SSALT) was performed to access the use level probability Weibull curves and reliability were calculated for the completion of a mission of 100,000 cycles at 300 to 1200 N. Results: All ceramics showed a high probability of survival (87–99%) at 300 N, irrespective of thickness. 3Y-TZP shows no significant decrease in the probability of survival up to 1200 N (83–96%). Lithium disilicate presented lower reliability than zirconia under the 600 N mission. 5Y-TZP showed lower reliability than 3Y-TZP at 1200 N. There was no significant difference in the Weibull modulus (3.23–7.12). 3Y-TZP had the highest characteristic strength (2483–2972 N), followed by 5Y-TZP (1512–1547 N) and lithium disilicate (971–1154 N). Conclusion: Zirconia ceramics have a high probability of survival (up to 900 N-load), while lithium disilicate survives up to 300 N load only, irrespective of the thickness (1.0 mm or 1.5 mm). Clinical relevance: The probability of survival of posterior crowns made with zirconia ceramics resists extreme loads while glass ceramics resist normal chewing loads. In addition, crowns with thinner occlusal face showed sufficient mechanical behavior.
Biocompatibility, bioactive potential, porosity, and interface analysis calcium silicate repair cements in a dentin tube model
(2023-01-01) Inada, Rafaela Nanami Handa ; Queiroz, Marcela Borsatto ; Lopes, Camila Soares ; Silva, Evelin Carine Alves ; Torres, Fernanda Ferrari Esteves ; da Silva, Guilherme Ferreira ; Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Juliane Maria ; Cerri, Paulo Sérgio ; Tanomaru-Filho, Mário ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração (UNISAGRADO)
Objectives: This study is to evaluate biocompatibility, bioactive potential, porosity, and dentin/material interface of Bio-C Repair (BIOC-R), MTA Repair HP (MTAHP), and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM). Materials and methods: Dentin tubes were implanted into subcutaneous of rats for 7, 15, 30, and 60 days. Thickness of capsules, number of inflammatory cells (ICs), interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteocalcin (OCN), and von Kossa were evaluated. Porosity and material/dentin interface voids were also analyzed. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (p < 0.05). Results: IRM capsules were thicker and contained greater ICs and IL-6-immunopositive cells at 7 and 15 days. BIOC-R capsules exhibited higher thickness and ICs at 7 days and greater IL-6 at 7 and 15 days than MTAHP (p < 0.05). At 30 and 60 days, no significant difference was observed among the groups. OCN-immunopositive cells, von Kossa-positive, and birefringent structures were observed in BIOC-R and MTAHP. MTAHP exhibited higher porosity and interface voids (p < 0.05). Conclusions: BIOC-R, MTAHP, and IRM are biocompatible. Bioceramics materials demonstrate bioactive potential. MTAHP presented the highest porosity and presence of voids. Clinical relevance: BIOC-R and MTAHP have adequate biological properties. BIOC-R demonstrated lower porosity and presence of voids, which may represent better sealing for its clinical applications.
Effect of aging and cementation systems on the bond strength to root dentin after fiber post cementation
(2023-01-01) Nogueira, Caio Henrique de Paula ; Gelio, Mariana Bena ; Besegato, João Felipe ; Ramos, Anna Thereza Peroba Rezende ; Fernández, Eduardo ; Kuga, Milton Carlos ; Saad, José Roberto Cury ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; University of Chile ; Autonomous University of Chile
This study evaluated the effect of aging and cementation of fiber posts using glass ionomer and resin cements on push-out bond strength, failure mode, and resin tag formation. One hundred and twenty bovine incisors were used. After post-space preparation, the specimens were randomly allocated into 12 groups (n = 10) according to the cementation system used: GC - GC Gold Label Luting & Lining); RL - RelyX Luting 2; MC - MaxCem Elite; RU - RelyX U200 and the aging periods (24 hours, 6 months, and 12 months). Slices from the cervical, middle, and apical thirds were obtained and analyzed by push-out bond strength test and confocal laser scanning microscopy. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test was used at a significance level of 5%. For the push-out bond strength test, no differences among GC, RU, and MC in the cervical and middle thirds were observed, regardless of the period of storage (P > 0.05). In the apical third, GC and RU showed similar bond strength but higher than other groups (P > 0.05). After 12 months, GC showed the highest bond strength (P < 0.05). Bond strength to post-space dentin decreased over time, regardless of the cementation system used. Cohesive failure was the most frequent, regardless of the period of storage, cementation system, and post-space third. Tag formation was similar among all groups. After 12 months, GC showed the highest bond strength values.
Chronic administration of catalase inhibitor attenuates hypertension in renovascular hypertensive rats
(2023-04-15) Lauar, Mariana R. ; Colombari, Débora S.A. ; De Paula, Patrícia M. ; Colombari, Eduardo ; Andrade, Carina A.F. ; De Luca, Laurival A. ; Menani, José V. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Aims: Reactive oxygen species like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are produced endogenously and may participate in intra- and extracellular signaling, including modulation of angiotensin II responses. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic subcutaneous (sc) administration of the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ) on arterial pressure, autonomic modulation of arterial pressure, hypothalamic expression of AT1 receptors and neuroinflammatory markers and fluid balance in 2-kidney, 1clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertensive rats. Materials and methods: Male Holtzman rats with a clip occluding partially the left renal artery and chronic sc injections of ATZ were used. Key findings: Subcutaneous injections of ATZ (600 mg/kg of body weight/day) for 9 days in 2K1C rats reduced arterial pressure (137 ± 8, vs. saline: 182 ± 8 mmHg). ATZ also reduced the sympathetic modulation and enhanced the parasympathetic modulation of pulse interval, reducing the sympatho-vagal balance. Additionally, ATZ reduced mRNA expression for interleukins 6 and IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, AT1 receptor (0.77 ± 0.06, vs. saline: 1.47 ± 0.26 fold change), NOX 2 (0.85 ± 0.13, vs. saline: 1.75 ± 0.15 fold change) and the marker of microglial activation, CD 11 (0.47 ± 0.07, vs. saline, 1.34 ± 0.15 fold change) in the hypothalamus of 2K1C rats. Daily water and food intake and renal excretion were only slightly modified by ATZ. Significance: The results suggest that the increase of endogenous H2O2 availability with chronic treatment with ATZ had an anti-hypertensive effect in 2K1C hypertensive rats. This effect depends on decreased activity of sympathetic pressor mechanisms and mRNA expression of AT1 receptors and neuroinflammatory markers possibly due to reduced angiotensin II action.
The Effect of Sub-Lethal Successive Applications of Photodynamic Therapy on Candida albicans Biofilm Depends on the Photosensitizer
(2023-01-01) Dias, Luana Mendonça ; Klein, Marlise Inêz ; Ferrisse, Túlio Morandin ; Medeiros, Karine Sousa ; Jordão, Cláudia Carolina ; Bellini, Amanda ; Pavarina, Ana Claudia ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of successive applications of sub-lethal doses of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by Photodithazine® (PDZ) and curcumin (CUR) associated with LED in the viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and gene expression of Candida albicans. The microbial assays were performed using planktonic cultures and biofilms. Ten successive applications (Apl#) were performed: aPDT (P+L+; C+L+), photosensitizer (P+L−; C+L−), and LED (P−L+; C−L+). Control groups were used (P−L−; C−L−). The viability of C. albicans was determined by cultivating treated cultures on agar plates with or without fluconazole (FLU). In addition, the ROS detection and expression of SOD1, CAP1, and ERG11 genes were determined. For planktonic cultures, no viable colonies were observed after Apl#3 (without FLU) and Apl#2 (with FLU) for either photosensitizer. Biofilm treated with P+L+ resulted in the absence of cell viability after Apl#7, while C+L+ showed ~1.40 log10 increase in cell viability after Apl#2, regardless of FLU. For both photosensitizers, after the last application with viable colonies, the production of ROS was higher in the biofilms than in the planktonic cultures, and SOD1 expression was the highest in P+L+. A reduction of CAP1 and ERG11 expression occurred after P+L+, regardless of FLU. C+L+ had a higher level of ROS, and the treatments were non-significant for gene expression. Sub-lethal doses of aPDT mediated by CUR could induce C. albicans resistance in biofilms, while C. albicans cells in biofilms were susceptible to aPDT mediated by PDZ.
Venlafaxine increases aromatization, reduces apical V-ATPase in clear cells and induces increased number of mast cells and smooth muscle cells death in rat cauda epididymis
(2023-02-15) da Silva, André Acácio Souza ; de Santi, Fabiane ; Hinton, Barry T. ; Cerri, Paulo Sérgio ; Sasso-Cerri, Estela ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; School of Medicine
Depressive disorders (DD) have affected millions of people worldwide. Venlafaxine, antidepressant of the class of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, has been prescribed for the treatment of DD. In rat testes, venlafaxine induces testosterone (T) aromatization and increases estrogen levels. Aromatase is a key enzyme for the formation of estrogen in the epididymis, an essential organ for male fertility. We investigated the impact of serotonergic/noradrenergic venlafaxine effect on the epididymal cauda region, focusing on aromatase, V-ATPase and EGF epithelial immunoexpression, smooth muscle (SM) integrity and mast cells number (MCN). Male rats were distributed into control (CG; n = 10) and venlafaxine (VFG, n = 10) groups. VFG received 30 mg/kg b.w. of venlafaxine for 35 days. The epididymal cauda was processed for light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) and estrogen alpha (Esr1), adrenergic (Adra1a) and serotonergic (Htr1b) receptors were analyzed. Clear cells (CCs) area, SM thickness, viable spermatozoa (VS) and MCN were evaluated. Apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL and TEM. The following immunoreactions were performed: T, aromatase, T/aromatase co-localization, V-ATPase, EGF, Cx43 and PCNA. The increased Adra1a and reduced Htr1b expressions confirmed the noradrenergic and serotonergic venlafaxine effects, respectively, corroborating the increased MCN, apoptosis and atrophy of SM. In VFG, the epithelial EGF increased, explaining Cx43 overexpression and basal cells mitotic activity. T aromatization and Esr1 downregulation indicate high estrogen levels, explaining CCs hypertrophy and changes in the V-ATPase localization, corroborating VS reduction. Thus, in addition to serotonergic/noradrenergic effects, T/estrogen imbalance, induced by venlafaxine, impairs epididymal structure and function.
Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Dental Arches in Individuals with Syndromic Craniosynostosis
(2023-01-01) Pinto, Rayane De Oliveira ; Tonello, Cristiano ; Peixoto, Adriano Porto ; De Jesus, Adriana Souza ; Santos-Pinto, Ary Dos ; Raveli, Dirceu Barnabé ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Objective. Individuals with syndromic craniosynostosis present alterations in the dental arches due to anomalies caused by the early fusion of the craniomaxillary sutures. This study aimed to compare intradental and interdental dimensions between individuals with Apert and Crouzon syndromes and nonsyndromic controls. Materials and Methods. Digital models were obtained from the archive of a public tertiary care hospital. The sample consisted of 34 patients (Apert n = 18, Crouzon n = 16) and 34 nonsyndromic controls matched for gender and age. Measurements of perimeter, length, intercanine and intermolar distances (upper and lower), overjet, and molar ratio were performed. Statistical comparisons were performed using ANOVA and Tukey tests p<0.05. Results. Patients with Apert and Crouzon syndromes have severely reduced maxillary transverse dimensions, perimeter, and length of the upper arch compared to the control group p<0.001. The lower arch is less impacted. Patients with Apert syndrome had an anterior crossbite p<0.001, while patients with Crouzon syndrome had an edge-to-edge bite p< 0.011. Patients with Apert and Crouzon syndromes do not have serious transverse proportion problems when comparing the upper and lower arches. Conclusions. In this sample, both the Apert and Crouzon groups have severely compromised upper arches compared to the control group. Mild dentoalveolar expansion in the maxilla should be sufficient for the transverse adaptation of the dental arches before frontofacial advancement.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue-loaded polymeric micelles against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans biofilms
(2023-03-01) Soares, Jonas Corsino Maduro ; Luiz, Marcela Tavares ; Oshiro Junior, João Augusto ; Besegato, João Felipe ; de Melo, Priscila Borges Gobbo ; Rastelli, Alessandra Nara de Souza ; Chorilli, Marlus ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Background: Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans can colonize the teeth, the oral cavity as biofilm and can cause oral infections. Thus, strategies to prevent and control oral biofilms are requested. The present study aims the development and characterization of methylene blue (MB)-loaded polymeric micelles for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans biofilms Methods: MB-loaded polymeric micelles were produced and characterized by particle size, polydispersity index, morphology, zeta potential, stability, MB release profile, and antimicrobial effect against S. mutans and C. albicans biofilms. Results: MB-loaded polymeric micelles showed a reduced particle size, moderate polydisperse profile, spherical and neutral shape, which demonstrated to be promising features to allow micelles penetration into biofilms. Antimicrobial effect against bacterial and yeast biofilms was demonstrated once MB was irradiated by light under 660 nm (aPDT). Furthermore, MB-loaded polymeric micelles showed significant inhibition of S. mutans and C. albicans biofilms. Furthermore, the treatment with MB-micelles incubated with high pre-incubation times (15 and 30 min) were more effective than 5 min. It can be explained by the time required for this nanosystem to penetrate the innermost layer of biofilms and release MB for aPDT. Conclusion: MB-loaded polymeric micelles can effectively decrease the bacteria and yeast viability and it may cause positive impacts in the clinical practice. Thus, the developed formulation showed potential in the treatment to remove oral biofilms, but clinical studies are needed to confirm its potential
Chlorin-based photosensitizer under blue or red-light irradiation against multi-species biofilms related to periodontitis
(2023-03-01) Garcia de Carvalho, Gabriel ; Pacheco Mateo, Rafaela ; Costa e Silva, Rodrigo ; Maquera Huacho, Patricia Milagros ; de Souza Rastelli, Alessandra Nara ; de Oliveira, Kleber Thiago ; Chierici Marcantonio, Rosemary Adriana ; Zandim-Barcelos, Daniela Leal ; Palomari Spolidorio, Denise Madalena ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
In our previous study, Chlorin-e6 (Ce6) demonstrated a significant reduction of microorganisms’ viability against single-species biofilm related to periodontitis once irradiated by red light (660 nm). Also, higher bacteria elimination was observed under blue light (450 nm) irradiation. However, the use of blue light irradiation of Ce6 for antimicrobial administration is poorly explored. This study evaluated the effect of chlorin-e6-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using different wavelengths (450 or 660 nm) against multi-species biofilms related to periodontitis. Streptococcus oralis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans composed the mature biofilm developed under proper conditions for five days. aPDT was performed using different concentrations of Ce6 (100 and 200 μM), wavelengths (450 or 660 nm), and comparisons were made after qPCR assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis. The greatest bacterial elimination was observed in the groups where Ce6 was used with blue light, for S. orallis (2.05 Log10 GeQ mL-1, p < 0.0001) and P. gingivalis (1.4 Log10 GeQ mL-1, p < 0.0001), aPDT with red light showed significant bacteria reduction only for S. orallis. aPDT with blue light demonstrated statistically higher elimination in comparison with aPDT with red light. The aPDT did not show a statistically significant effect when tested against A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum (p=0.776 and 0.988, respectively). The aPDT using blue light showed a promising higher photobiological effect, encouraging researchers to consider it in the irradiation of Ce6 for further investigations.

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