A multiplex PCR approach for the molecular identification and conservation of the Critically endangered daggernose shark

The daggernose shark Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus is an inshore tropical species endemic to the coastal waters off northeastern South America with limited distribution and restrictive biological traits. According to the IUCN, this species is Critically Endangered owing to a dramatic population decline over the past 10 yr. Here we implemented a multiplex PCR methodology based on species-specific primers for the precise identification of samples from the daggernose shark (body parts and fins). The effectiveness of the method was verified through application for analysis of unidentified shark samples collected in fish markets and a worldwide inventory of over 57 shark species. This reliable molecular system of identification combines the advantages of low cost and high throughput and may be used locally to monitor the capture and trade of this Critically Endangered shark species.