O ensino de geografia voltado para a aprendizagem significativa dos alunos da escola pública da quinta série do primeiro grau

Abstract

This work calls attention to some difficulties that worry the teacher of Geography in his function, so, it has for purpose to sensitize this teacher to reflect criticaly about his condition of educator, to commit oneself with the principles of a transformed education that aims to reduce the school failure, although the difficulties are in a great number. Through this refletion, I suppose that the teacher would come to realize the necessity of thinking again and again his practice and teaching process that makes possible a meaningful apprenticeship about the systematized knowledge. This process, as shown in this work, is based in David P. Ausubel cognitive theory, about the oral meaningful apprenticeship. The theory aims to elucidate the cognitives processes proper of the meaningful apprenticeship of the scientific concepts and, on the other hand to estabilish some didatic procedures that make it easy in the classroom space. The student's cognitive structure becomes more organized, and therefore, susceptible to meaningful apprenticeship, if didatic procedures are going to be used to put the program in order. Among these procedures there's one called Progressive Difference that determines the teaching of the program obeying graduation in which the more general ideas are presented at the beginning and, in distinguished sequence according to lower grades of inclusivity. The meaningful apprenticeship will be maked lasier through of the Integrate Reconciliation that is, the teaching of new ideas through the elucidation of the similarities and differences among the new knowledge that will be known and the one already estabilished in the cognitive structure of the student. To execute the procedures perfecty, instruction strategies were elaborated like the Concepts Maps and Previous Organizers. The Ausbelian Theory has the worth of considering the student's knowledge organization resulted of his preceding experiences. This knowledge, a personal knowledge, of...