Natural Fiber-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metals and Dyes Removal

Heavy metals and dyes are significant pollutants that pose a potential threat to the health of humans and ecosystems. Various technologies are available to remediate such pollution, but these processes are costly, have high energy requirements, and generate toxic sludges and wastes that need to be carefully considered. Therefore, there is a need for more efficient, cost-effective, and environment-friendly methods for water purification. Adsorption is preferred as a green, clean, and versatile method for wastewater treatment. Biodegradable and non-toxic materials such as natural fiber-based materials are of interest for water purification. Moreover, the surface of these materials contains many hydroxyl groups that facilitate the incorporation of chemical moieties, thereby enhancing pollutant adsorption. This chapter will explore the most relevant applications of natural fiber-based adsorbents, such as activated carbon (AC) and natural fibers modified for wastewater treatment.