Publicação: Analysis of the technologies for capture and separation of CO2
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2009-01-01
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The increase of the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases in the atmosphere contributes for the augment of the greenhouse effect, thus causing climate changes. As consequences of this phenomenon, it can be pointed out the increase of the global average temperature and the disproportional elevation of the sea level. In developing countries, an accelerated increase on the energy demand is in process due to the economical development. This has been considerably contributing to the CO2 emission, caused, for instance, by the combustion of fossil fuels, thus increasing the concentration of gases emitted to the atmosphere in levels beyond the predicted. In the developed countries there is no implementation of norms that effectively regulate alterations in the energetic, environmental and/or technological policies, able to reduce the utilization of fossil combustibles. According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) data, an important analysis of the pollutant gases emission and atmospheric concentrations was performed. Such analysis provided the exhibition future sceneries of the atmospheric pollutant gases emissions, being concluded that these emissions will correspond to the double of the concentrations emitted at industrial levels set for the next century. Therefore, in order to a decrease of the environmental impacts caused by the climate changes be allowed, a reduction of CO2 emissions in the energy sector, currently the leading source of gas emissions which contribute to the greenhouse effect, will be necessary. There are various techniques that could be utilized to reduce the CO2 levels in the atmosphere: reduction of the energy consumption, increase of the efficiency of the equipment for the conversion and use of energy, substitution of combustibles in use for other combustibles with low carbon content (as, for instance, the utilization of natural gas in place of charcoal), use of renewable energy sources and the utilization of techniques for capture and separation of CO2 generated from fossil combustibles. Among all these techniques, the last two mentioned seem to be promising technologies for reversing the actual scenario of the pollutant gases emissions. This work aims to show a theoretical study of the technologies concerning the capture and separation of CO2, emphasizing their advantages, disadvantages and applicability relative to the technological standpoint, thus evaluating the carbon free energetic generation, improving the final use efficiency and the CO2 reduction
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ECOS 2009 - 22nd International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, p. 1271-1280.
