Maintenance and Management of Breeders of Neotropical South American Species in Laboratories

The aquaculture industry in several South American countries has witnessed a decline in the production of Neotropical South American fish species due to the limited availability of technological packages and underutilization of existing knowledge. Furthermore, the increasing cultivation of exotic fish species, such as Nile tilapia, has hindered the progress of South American Neotropical fish. This situation significantly impacted aquaculture production in South American countries, particularly in regions where the cultivation of exotic fish is prohibited. One of the major challenges faced in the proper development and improved competitiveness of South American Neotropical fish species is the acquisition of juveniles in sufficient quantity and quality, both for genetic conservation programs and aquaculture purposes. To address these challenges, increased investment in research and disseminating knowledge about the reproduction of different South American Neotropical fish species is crucial. This chapter aims to present and discuss important considerations regarding the maintenance and management of breeders of South American Neotropical fish species in laboratory settings.