Transcervical artificial insemination in the brown brocket deer (Subulo gouazoubira): a promising method for assisted reproduction in deer

The present study aimed to test the efficiency of transcervical artificial insemination techniques with cervical immobilization (TCAI-CI) or cervical traction (TCAI-CT), associated or not with the use of oxytocin (OT) as a protocol for cervical dilation, in the brown brocket deer (Subulo gouazoubira). The study was carried out in a crossover design using four adult females in two replicates with an interval of 60 days. Estrus was synchronized with oral melengestrol acetate (MGA) associated with estradiol benzoate and sodium cloprostenol. TCAI techniques were performed from 18 to 24 h after estrus onset. All females received either an i.v. application of 50 IU of OT (G-OT, n = 4) or 1 mL of saline solution (G-Control, n = 4) 20 min before the TCAI procedure. The TCAIs were performed using frozen-thawed semen motility 40%, vigor 3, acrosome integrity 87%, membrane integrity of 95% and 13% of total post-thaw defects from the same batch. Behavioral estrus was observed in 100% of the females, in both replicates. It was achieved a 50% (4/8) success of cervical transposition with semen deposition in the uterine. Regarding inseminations, most of them (87.5%) were performed using the TCAI-CT technique, and the overall conception rate was 50%. Cervical transposition times (< 1 min) and TCAI procedures (~ 17 min) were considered satisfactory. Thus, the performance of the TCAI-CI and TCAI-CT techniques was successful, regardless of using OT as a cervical dilation protocol. This procedure is proposed as a method of choice for artificial insemination with greater applicability in different conservation centers, compared to more advanced reproductive biotechniques, and with a favorable impact on the conservation of deer species.