Exploring Charge Transport and Hysteresis Effects in Perovskite Solar Cells Through Dynamic Measurements and Analytical Modeling

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology, already achieving efficiencies surpassing 26%. However, effects such as hysteresis are commonly observed due to the interplay of ionic and electronic transport occurring over different timescales. In this work, we presented a unified analytical framework for characterizing charge transport and hysteresis in PSCs, validated through experiments on standard n‐i‐p mesoporous devices. Beyond small‐signal impedance spectroscopy, our model also explains the large‐signal response under pulsed and sinusoidal voltage inputs. Sinusoidal I–V analysis combined with the Fourier transform revealed the system's transition from capacitive to inductive‐like response, depending on excitation frequency. Therefore, this work provides not only theoretical insights but also a step‐by‐step methodology. By combining small‐ and large‐signal experiments within a single interpretive framework, our approach offers a physically grounded and experimentally accessible strategy for decoding and managing nonlinear and memory‐driven effects in PSCs.