Efeitos de sistemas de cultivo sobre as populações de plantas daninhas, em condições de cerrado
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Data
2001-03
Autores
Pereira, Francisco de Assis Rolim [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar os sistemas do plantio direto, utilizando diferentes programas de rotação de culturas, do preparo convencional e do cultivo mínimo sobre a dinâmica de populações de plantas daninhas nas condições edafoclimáticas do cerrado. O experimento foi conduzido durante quatro anos na fazenda Elo, município de Chapadão do Céu – GO. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições; cinco tratamentos constaram de programas de rotação constituídos por culturas de verão e de outono/inverno, em plantio direto, e dois tratamentos em monocultivo, nos sistemas preparo convencional e cultivo mínimo. Foram avaliados os dados biométricos das plantas, produção de biomassas verde e seca com as respectivas taxas de decomposição das coberturas mortas e a dinâmica das populações de plantas daninhas. Os resultados foram analisados através da análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade; para os pesos das coberturas mortas, utilizou-se a análise de regressão segundo os modelos: % de não decomposição = 100 – CX e, % de não decomposição = 10 2-CX . Constatou-se a ocorrência de dezesseis espécies de plantas daninhas, distribuídas em dez famílias, que apresentaram dinâmicas populacionais que variavam de acordo com o tratamento utilizado. Os resultados permitiram concluir que as coberturas mortas provenientes das culturas de guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ), milho safrinha (Zea mays L.), milheto (Pennisetum typhoides (Barn) Stapt) e aveia (Avena strigosa Shield), por ordem decrescente, foram as que apresentaram maior resistência à decomposição. O sistema de plantio direto apresentou maior eficiência no controle cultural das plantas daninhas. Concluiu-se que os programas de... .
This research aimed to evaluate the effects of no-tillage systems, using different crop rotations, conventional tillage and minimum tillage, on the dynamics of weed populations in cerrado region in Brazil. The field trials were carried out during four years in the Elo Farm in Chapadão do Céu - GO county. The experiments were designed randomized block with four replications. The treatments consisted of five crop rotation programs involving the no-tillage system during the summer and fall/winter crops and two single crop treatments in which it was used the conventional tillage and the minimum tillage system. It were evaluated crops biometrics data, production of green and dry matter bye the crops and their decomposition rate, and the dynamic of the weed populations. The results were analyzed using Anova and Tukey test at 5% probability level. To establish the decomposition rate of the mulching it were perfomed regression analysis using the models: % of non decomposition = 100 – CX or % of non decomposition = 10 2-CX . It were observed sixteen weed species, of tem botanical families. The populations dynamics depended on the treatements. The results obtained allowed to conclude that Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), winter corn (Zea mays L.), millet (Pennisetum typhoides (Burn) Stapt) and oat (Avena strigosa Shieb) were, in decreasing order, produced the most persistent mulchings. The no-tillage system was the most efficient for the weed control. The crop rotation under the no-tillage system that presented the greater effects on weed communities were: Program B – Treatment 2 (soybean/sorghum – Crotalaria/corn – millet/soybean, winter corn/soybean); Program A – Treatment 1 (winter corn/soybean – sunflower/corn - sorghum/soybean – sunflower/corn) and Program C – Treatment 3 (Pigeonpea/soybean – millet/soybean – winter corn/corn – sunflower/soybean).
This research aimed to evaluate the effects of no-tillage systems, using different crop rotations, conventional tillage and minimum tillage, on the dynamics of weed populations in cerrado region in Brazil. The field trials were carried out during four years in the Elo Farm in Chapadão do Céu - GO county. The experiments were designed randomized block with four replications. The treatments consisted of five crop rotation programs involving the no-tillage system during the summer and fall/winter crops and two single crop treatments in which it was used the conventional tillage and the minimum tillage system. It were evaluated crops biometrics data, production of green and dry matter bye the crops and their decomposition rate, and the dynamic of the weed populations. The results were analyzed using Anova and Tukey test at 5% probability level. To establish the decomposition rate of the mulching it were perfomed regression analysis using the models: % of non decomposition = 100 – CX or % of non decomposition = 10 2-CX . It were observed sixteen weed species, of tem botanical families. The populations dynamics depended on the treatements. The results obtained allowed to conclude that Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), winter corn (Zea mays L.), millet (Pennisetum typhoides (Burn) Stapt) and oat (Avena strigosa Shieb) were, in decreasing order, produced the most persistent mulchings. The no-tillage system was the most efficient for the weed control. The crop rotation under the no-tillage system that presented the greater effects on weed communities were: Program B – Treatment 2 (soybean/sorghum – Crotalaria/corn – millet/soybean, winter corn/soybean); Program A – Treatment 1 (winter corn/soybean – sunflower/corn - sorghum/soybean – sunflower/corn) and Program C – Treatment 3 (Pigeonpea/soybean – millet/soybean – winter corn/corn – sunflower/soybean).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Erva daninha, Rotação de cultivos, Plantio direto
Como citar
PEREIRA, Francisco de Assis Rolim. Efeitos de sistemas de cultivo sobre as populações de plantas daninhas, em condições de cerrado. 2001. ix, 87 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2001.