Pequenas centrais hidrelétricas face à reestruturação do setor elétrico brasileiro: uma questão de políticas públicas
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Data
2005-04-04
Autores
Furchi, Sérgio Augusto Lunardelli [UNESP]
Título da Revista
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Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A exploração dos recursos hídricos, para fins de geração de eletricidade no Brasil, se deu a partir do final do século XIX, com base em centrais de pequeno porte, da ordem de algumas centenas de quilowatts, construídas e operadas principalmente por prefeituras e empresas particulares. Este modelo, apropriado à demanda da época, prosperou até a década de 1960, quando o cenário econômico vigente deu lugar a grandes empresas estaduais e federais que passaram a incorporar as pequenas empresas geradoras de sistemas isolados que evoluíram para os grandes sistemas interligados. Neste período as centrais hidrelétricas de pequeno porte cederam espaços para os grandes empreendimentos. Nos últimos anos, a potência instalada do país não acompanhou o crescimento demográfico da população. A falta de planejamento e equívocos nas gestões do setor hidrelétrico ocasionaram as crises energéticas. Novamente, as pequenas centrais hidrelétricas (PCHs) entram em destaque com a reestruturação e transição para o novo modelo do setor elétrico brasileiro. Nessa nova configuração setorial o governo conduz suas políticas públicas, que procura atrair novos investimentos privados para sua própria expansão e modernização. Com este objetivo as empresas estatais foram desverticalizadas e distribuídas de acordo com suas atividades de geração, transmissão, distribuição e comercialização. Sendo esta última um novo ajuste do setor energético. Sendo assim, nota-se uma significativa mobilização do setor elétrico nacional, em torno de um novo incentivo, a novas alternativas de produção de energia elétrica, como por exemplo, pequenas centrais hidrelétricas, em uma circunstância em que o Estado também modifica sua compreensão acerca de suas funções econômicas. Setores que, no passado, foram tidos como estratégicos...
The exploitation of the water natural resources, aiming electricity generation in Brazil, happened from the end of XIX century based upon small size power stations which generated only a few hundreds of kilowatts, built and operated mainly by cities and private companies. This model, which was adequate to that time demand, remained into effect until the 1960 decade, when the in place economic scenario gave space to large state and federal companies which incorporated the small individual power stations evolving to big interconnected systems. In this period, the small hydroelectric power stations gave space to the large-scale investments. The energy related crisis observed in the last recent years, were originated by the following facts: the installed electric energy capacity of the country didn't grew at the same rate as the population growth; lack of planning and mistakes in the hydroelectric sector management. Again, the small hydroelectric power stations (SHPS) emerge with the sector re-structuration and in the transition for the new Brazilian electric sector model. In this new sector configuration, the government dictates its public policies with the intention of bringing new private sector investments for the sector expansion and modernization. With this goal, the state companies have been split and distributed according to their core activities: generation, transmission, distribution and trade, this last one being a new adjustment in the energy sector. In this way, one can observe an important mobilization of the national electric sector in the direction of a new incentive to new alternatives for electric energy generation as, for example, small hydroelectric power stations, in one circumstance that also the state modifies its comprehension about its own economic rules/functions. Sectors that in the past were considered as strategic for the country's economic development... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
The exploitation of the water natural resources, aiming electricity generation in Brazil, happened from the end of XIX century based upon small size power stations which generated only a few hundreds of kilowatts, built and operated mainly by cities and private companies. This model, which was adequate to that time demand, remained into effect until the 1960 decade, when the in place economic scenario gave space to large state and federal companies which incorporated the small individual power stations evolving to big interconnected systems. In this period, the small hydroelectric power stations gave space to the large-scale investments. The energy related crisis observed in the last recent years, were originated by the following facts: the installed electric energy capacity of the country didn't grew at the same rate as the population growth; lack of planning and mistakes in the hydroelectric sector management. Again, the small hydroelectric power stations (SHPS) emerge with the sector re-structuration and in the transition for the new Brazilian electric sector model. In this new sector configuration, the government dictates its public policies with the intention of bringing new private sector investments for the sector expansion and modernization. With this goal, the state companies have been split and distributed according to their core activities: generation, transmission, distribution and trade, this last one being a new adjustment in the energy sector. In this way, one can observe an important mobilization of the national electric sector in the direction of a new incentive to new alternatives for electric energy generation as, for example, small hydroelectric power stations, in one circumstance that also the state modifies its comprehension about its own economic rules/functions. Sectors that in the past were considered as strategic for the country's economic development... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Usinas hidrelétricas, Politicas publicas, Eletrificação rural, Energia - Fontes alternativas, Small hydropower plants, Public policies
Como citar
FURCHI, Sérgio Augusto Lunardelli. Pequenas centrais hidrelétricas face à reestruturação do setor elétrico brasileiro: uma questão de políticas públicas. 2005. viii, 122 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2005.