Diversidade de ácaros em cultivo orgânico de citros e na vegetação natural circundante, e perspectivas para a criação massal de Iphiseiodes zuluagai (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Data
2006-12-21
Autores
Albuquerque, Fábio Aquino de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil é o maior produtor de citros no mundo e o maior exportador de suco concentrado de laranja. São Paulo é o maior estado produtor no país, com 80% da produção nacional. Dentre os grandes entraves para a exportação de frutas frescas estão os problemas sanitários, que impedem que a laranja seja exportada em maior quantidade e para um maior número de países. O ácaro da leprose dos citros, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) e da falsa ferrugem Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead), figuram como alguns dos principais problemas sanitários desta cultura. O primeiro é mais importante por ser transmissor do vírus causador da doença. Dentre os ácaros predadores considerados eficientes contra B. phoenicis, destaca-se Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma. O uso de plantas de cobertura poderiam beneficiar os inimigos naturais dos ácaros que danificam os citros. A vegetação natural próxima ao pomar poderia servir como reservatório de inimigos naturais de diversas pragas dos citros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade de ácaros em um cultivo orgânico de citros, na vegetação natural próxima e em plantas comumente usadas como cobertura verde, assim como o efeito de algumas espécies de cobertura na flutuação dos ácaros mais importantes nas plantas cítricas. Foi avaliada ainda a capacidade de I. zuluagai desenvolver-se sobre o ácaro Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acaridae). Foram coletados 12.409 ácaros, sendo 9.147 sobre os citros, 2.817 sobre as plantas da mata natural e 445 sobre as plantas de cobertura. Dentre os ácaros coletados em citros, B. phoenicis foi a espécie mais abundante, seguida por I. zuluagai. Bauhinia forficata Link, Guarea guidonia (L.), Guazuma sp., Tabernaemontana sp. e Psidium guajava L. destacaram-se como hospedeiras de I. zuluagai. Dentre as coberturas, Canavalia ensiformis (L.) e Ageratum conyzoides L. destacaram-se como...
Brazil is the largest citrus producer in the world and the larger exporting country of orange juice. São Paulo is the largest producing state in the country, with about 80% of the national production. Sanitary problems are some of the main obstacles to the Brazilian citriculture. The citrus leprosis mite, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), and the citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead), are some of the main sanitary problem of citrus production. The former is mostly important as a vector of the leprosis virus. Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma is considered one of the most efficient predators of B. phoenicis. The use of cover crops may benefit the natural enemies of pest species. Patches of natural vegetation near citrus groves may serve as reservoirs of natural enemies. The objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity of mites in an organic citrus grove, in the surrounding natural vegetation and on plants commonly used as cover crops, as well as the effect of some cover crops on the fluctuation of the most important mites on citrus plants. In addition, the ability of I. zuluagai to develop on the mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acaridae) was evaluated. A total of 12,409 mites was collected, 9,147 of which on citrus, 2,817 on plants of the natural vegetation and 445 on plants of the cover crops. B. phoenicis was the most abundant species on citrus, followed by I. zuluagai. Bauhinia forficata Link, Guarea guidonia (L.), Guazuma sp., Tabernaemontana sp. and Psidium guajava L. were some of the most important reservoirs of I. zuluagai. Among the cover crops, Canavalia ensiformes (L.) and Ageratum conyzoides L. were good reservoirs of the same mite. Among mites collected on the natural vegetation, 1,182 were predators, 985 of variable feeding habits and 650 were phytophagous. Among species collected on the cover crops, 255 were predators,... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Brazil is the largest citrus producer in the world and the larger exporting country of orange juice. São Paulo is the largest producing state in the country, with about 80% of the national production. Sanitary problems are some of the main obstacles to the Brazilian citriculture. The citrus leprosis mite, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), and the citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead), are some of the main sanitary problem of citrus production. The former is mostly important as a vector of the leprosis virus. Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma is considered one of the most efficient predators of B. phoenicis. The use of cover crops may benefit the natural enemies of pest species. Patches of natural vegetation near citrus groves may serve as reservoirs of natural enemies. The objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity of mites in an organic citrus grove, in the surrounding natural vegetation and on plants commonly used as cover crops, as well as the effect of some cover crops on the fluctuation of the most important mites on citrus plants. In addition, the ability of I. zuluagai to develop on the mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acaridae) was evaluated. A total of 12,409 mites was collected, 9,147 of which on citrus, 2,817 on plants of the natural vegetation and 445 on plants of the cover crops. B. phoenicis was the most abundant species on citrus, followed by I. zuluagai. Bauhinia forficata Link, Guarea guidonia (L.), Guazuma sp., Tabernaemontana sp. and Psidium guajava L. were some of the most important reservoirs of I. zuluagai. Among the cover crops, Canavalia ensiformes (L.) and Ageratum conyzoides L. were good reservoirs of the same mite. Among mites collected on the natural vegetation, 1,182 were predators, 985 of variable feeding habits and 650 were phytophagous. Among species collected on the cover crops, 255 were predators,... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ácaro - Controle biológico, Ácaro de plantas, Biodiversidade, Frutas citricas - Doenças e pragas, Leprose dos citros, Citrus leprosis
Como citar
ALBUQUERQUE, Fábio Aquino de. Diversidade de ácaros em cultivo orgânico de citros e na vegetação natural circundante, e perspectivas para a criação massal de Iphiseiodes zuluagai (Acari: Phytoseiidae). 2006. iv, 108 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2006.