Consórcio de plantas de cobertura para a cultura de algodoeiro no sistema de semeadura direta
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Data
2011-08-23
Autores
Nakayama, Fernando Takayuki [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A semeadura direta vem a cada ano ampliando sua área agrícola no cerrado e é imprescindível a manutenção da palhada para o sucesso desta tecnologia, devendo respectivamente atender à necessidade da cultura e promover a conservação do solo. Desta forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do consórcio de plantas utilizadas como coberturas vegetais no desenvolvimento e produtividade do algodoeiro bem como sua contribuição no condicionamento químico e físico do solo. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições no esquema fatorial 4x4 compreendendo os fatores: 1. Dicotiledôneas: a- Cajanus cajan, b- Crotalaria juncea, c- Raphanus sativus, d- “sem dicotiledônea”; 2. Monocotiledôneas: a- Avena strigosa, b- Pennisetum glaucum, c- Brachiaria ruziziensis, d- “sem monocotiledônea”. Foram realizadas avaliações de fitomassa seca e cobertura do solo nas coberturas vegetais e a influência na química e física do solo sendo analisadas a porosidade e resistência à penetração. Após o manejo da palhada foi semeada a cultura do algodão nas parcelas experimentais no qual foram avaliados os aspectos agronômicos da cultura. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, os consórcios entre monocotiledôneas e dicotiledôneas ou ao cultivo exclusivo de monocotiledöneas apresentam maiores percentagens de cobertura do solo se comparado ao cultivo isolado de dicotiledôneas. As maiores produtividades de fitomassa seca de plantas de cobertura foram proporcionadas pelo cultivo exclusivo de milheto e milheto associado ao guandu. A aveia preta proporcionou os menores valores de resistëncia a penetraçäo para as camadas superficiais do solo (0-15 e 15-30 cm); e os tratamentos dicotiledonares destacando- se o nabo forrageiro proporcionaram uma diminuição...
The practice of no tillage are expanding year why year in Cerrado and is essential the crop residues maintenance for success of this technology, respectively meet the needs of culture and promote soil conservation. The objective work was to evaluate the effects of the consortium of cover crops in the development and yield of cotton as well as his contribution to the chemical and physical conditioning of the soil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates in a 4x4 factorial factors including: 1. Dicotyledons: a- Cajanus cajan, b- Crotalaria juncea, c- Raphanus sativus, d- “no dicotyledons”; 2. Monocotyledons: a- Avena strigosa, b- Pennisetum glaucum, c- Brachiaria ruziziensis, d- “no monocotyledons”. Were evaluated vegetation cover, dry matter and the influence on chemical and physical soil being analyzed porosity and penetration resistance. After handling of the cover crop was sown cotton in the experimental plots in which we evaluated the agronomic aspects of culture. According to the results obtained, the consortium between monocots and dicots or monocots unique culture have higher percentages of soil coverage as compared to isolated from dicotyledons. The highest yield of dry biomass of cover crops were provided exclusively by the cultivation of Pennisetum glaucum and Pennisetum glaucum associated with Cajanus cajan. The Avena strigosa provided the lowest values of penetration resistance to the soil surface layers (0-15 and 15-30 cm) and dicots treatments distinguished Raphanus sativus provided a decrease in penetration resistance for layers 30 -45 and 45-60 cm. Pennisetum glaucum provided the highest values for total porosity and macroporosity in the 0-20 cm layer. Treatments isolated Raphanus sativus, Raphanus sativus associated Brachiaria ruziziensis or until Pennisetum glaucum sown in the month of July provided the highest yield for Deltaopal cotton in the Cerrado conditions
The practice of no tillage are expanding year why year in Cerrado and is essential the crop residues maintenance for success of this technology, respectively meet the needs of culture and promote soil conservation. The objective work was to evaluate the effects of the consortium of cover crops in the development and yield of cotton as well as his contribution to the chemical and physical conditioning of the soil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates in a 4x4 factorial factors including: 1. Dicotyledons: a- Cajanus cajan, b- Crotalaria juncea, c- Raphanus sativus, d- “no dicotyledons”; 2. Monocotyledons: a- Avena strigosa, b- Pennisetum glaucum, c- Brachiaria ruziziensis, d- “no monocotyledons”. Were evaluated vegetation cover, dry matter and the influence on chemical and physical soil being analyzed porosity and penetration resistance. After handling of the cover crop was sown cotton in the experimental plots in which we evaluated the agronomic aspects of culture. According to the results obtained, the consortium between monocots and dicots or monocots unique culture have higher percentages of soil coverage as compared to isolated from dicotyledons. The highest yield of dry biomass of cover crops were provided exclusively by the cultivation of Pennisetum glaucum and Pennisetum glaucum associated with Cajanus cajan. The Avena strigosa provided the lowest values of penetration resistance to the soil surface layers (0-15 and 15-30 cm) and dicots treatments distinguished Raphanus sativus provided a decrease in penetration resistance for layers 30 -45 and 45-60 cm. Pennisetum glaucum provided the highest values for total porosity and macroporosity in the 0-20 cm layer. Treatments isolated Raphanus sativus, Raphanus sativus associated Brachiaria ruziziensis or until Pennisetum glaucum sown in the month of July provided the highest yield for Deltaopal cotton in the Cerrado conditions
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Algodão, Cultivos e coberturas, Física do solo, Cover crops, Soil physics
Como citar
NAKAYAMA, Fernando Takayuki. Consórcio de plantas de cobertura para a cultura de algodoeiro no sistema de semeadura direta. 2011. 89 f. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2011.