Diferentes concentrações de solução nutritiva no cultivo do tomateiro em substrato de fibra de coco em ambiente protegido
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Data
2008-02-29
Autores
Koga, Paulo Sergio [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Novas tecnologias de produção agrícola proporcionaram ultrapassar obstáculos e incrementar a produção de muitas culturas. O cultivo em substrato representa grande avanço no sistema de produção, possibilitando contornar problemas de contaminação de solo, principalmente em ambiente protegido com intenso e constante cultivo. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da FE/UNESP, “Campus” de Ilha Solteira – SP, à 20° 21’ S e 51° 22’ W e altitude média de 326 m, em ambiente protegido (estufa), conduzidos em vasos de plástico com capacidade de 12 litros, contendo substrato a base de fibra de coco. Utilizou-se os híbridos Débora Max e Raísa N e 5 (cinco) diluições da composição de solução nutritiva recomendada para a cultura em sistema NFT. As diluições foram realizadas em 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 e 3000 litros de água, respectivamente. Avaliou-se a condutividade elétrica (CE) e pH das soluções nutritivas e das soluções drenadas, podridão apical, produção total e comercial, massa média de frutos, e as variáveis tecnológicas: acidez; sólidos solúveis; pH; índice de maturação. Conclui que, nas condições do trabalho, a diluição da solução nutritiva proposta favoreceu o desenvolvimento e produção do tomateiro, com a diluição em 2500 litros de água, a que promoveu maior produção, maior massa média de frutos e melhor qualidade de frutos. A condutividade elétrica média na solução drenada na diluição em 1000 litros superou o limite de tolerância para cultura do tomateiro nos dois cultivos, constatando o favorecimento de alta incidência de podridão apical e em conseqüência menor produção nos cultivos.
New technologies of agricultural production have helped overcome difficulties and improve the production of many crops. The culture grown in substratum represents a great advancement in the production system, making it possible to manage soil contamination problems, mainly in protected environment with intense and constant cultivation. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of FEIS/UNESP, Ilha Solteira Campus - SP, to 20° 21' S and 51° 22' W and 326 m altitude, in protected environment (greenhouse), conducted in plastic vases with capacity for 12 liters, with coconut fiber substratum. The hybrids Débora Max and Raísa N and 5 (five) dilutions of the composition of the recommended nutritional solution for the culture, in NFT system, were used. The dilutions were made in 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 liters of water. Electric conductivity (CE) and pH of the nutritional and drained solutions, blossom-end rot, total and commercial yield, mass of fruits, and the technological variables (acidity, soluble solids, pH, and maturation index) were evaluated. It was concluded that, in the conditions of the experiment, the proposed dilution of the nutritional solution favored the development and yield of the tomato crop. The dilution in 2500 liters promoted the highest yield, greater mass of fruits and better quality of fruits. The electric conductivity for the drained solution in the dilution in 1000 liters surpassed the culture tolerance limit for of the tomato crop in the two crops grown, evidencing the high incidence of blossom-end rot as a consequence and, therefore, lower yields for both crops.
New technologies of agricultural production have helped overcome difficulties and improve the production of many crops. The culture grown in substratum represents a great advancement in the production system, making it possible to manage soil contamination problems, mainly in protected environment with intense and constant cultivation. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of FEIS/UNESP, Ilha Solteira Campus - SP, to 20° 21' S and 51° 22' W and 326 m altitude, in protected environment (greenhouse), conducted in plastic vases with capacity for 12 liters, with coconut fiber substratum. The hybrids Débora Max and Raísa N and 5 (five) dilutions of the composition of the recommended nutritional solution for the culture, in NFT system, were used. The dilutions were made in 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 liters of water. Electric conductivity (CE) and pH of the nutritional and drained solutions, blossom-end rot, total and commercial yield, mass of fruits, and the technological variables (acidity, soluble solids, pH, and maturation index) were evaluated. It was concluded that, in the conditions of the experiment, the proposed dilution of the nutritional solution favored the development and yield of the tomato crop. The dilution in 2500 liters promoted the highest yield, greater mass of fruits and better quality of fruits. The electric conductivity for the drained solution in the dilution in 1000 liters surpassed the culture tolerance limit for of the tomato crop in the two crops grown, evidencing the high incidence of blossom-end rot as a consequence and, therefore, lower yields for both crops.
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Palavras-chave
Tomate, Condutividade eletrica, Substratos, Fibra de coco, Lycopersicon esculentum, Yield, Vase, Fertilization, Fertirrigation
Como citar
KOGA, Paulo Sergio. Diferentes concentrações de solução nutritiva no cultivo do tomateiro em substrato de fibra de coco em ambiente protegido. 2008. 87 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2008.