Estudo biotecnológico, citogenético e molecular em espécies de orquídeas endêmicas da flora brasileira
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Data
2014-07-25
Autores
Moraes, Milena Cristina [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O cultivo comercial de orquídeas é significativo no mundo. Alguns gêneros e espécies nativas do Brasil, como Cattleya, são apreciados e têm elevado valor econômico devido à capacidade de recombinação genética, beleza, forma, tamanho e durabilidade de suas flores. Contudo, muitas dessas espécies e gêneros encontram-se em risco de extinção, o que as torna objeto para diversos estudos. Técnicas biotecnológicas de cultivo in vitro (germinação assimbiótica de sementes e micropropagação) são valiosos instrumentos na obtenção de mudas. Devido à polinização na natureza ser limitada e com baixa probabilidade de germinação, o cultivo in vitro utiliza formulações de meios de cultivo adequados à germinação de sementes e ao crescimento de diferentes espécies, resultando em maiores percentuais de germinação, em comparação com condições naturais. Neste trabalho foi comparada a atuação de diferentes meios de cultivo na germinação e desenvolvimento de Cattleya guttata, C. leopoldii e C. tigrina. Contudo, os resultados obtidos são preliminares e a procura por um meio de cultivo específico para cada espécie, visando crescimento rápido e em quantidade, necessita de continuidade para somente então afirmar com propriedade qual dos protocolos ensaiados é mais adequado a cada espécie. Existem conflitos taxonômicos envolvendo C. guttata, C. tigrina e C. leopoldii. Muitos taxonomistas consideram C. tigrina e também C. 7 leopoldii como sinônimos de C. guttata. O conhecimento relativo à citogenética da família Orchidaceae tem contribuído expressivamente para o entendimento das relações filogenéticas em todos os níveis taxonômicos em diferentes gêneros. Entre as Catleias, estudos cariológicos identificaram indivíduos com 40 até 100 cromossomos, sendo que n = 20 é o número básico mais frequente. Para diagnosticar o número cromossômico das espécies...
The commercial orchids cultive is significant in the world. Some genera and species native to Brazil, as the Cattleya, are appreciated and have high economic value because of the genetic recombination ability, beauty, shape, size and durability of its flowers. However, many of these species and genera are at risk of extinction, making them subject to several studies. Biotechnological techniques of in vitro (asymbiotic seed germination and micropropagation) are valuable tools for seedlings obtainment. Due to pollination in nature be limited and with low germination probability, in vitro cultivation uses suitable formulations of media culture for germination and growth of different species, resulting in higher germination rates compared to natural conditions. In this work we compared the performance of different culture media on germination and development of Cattleya guttata, C. leopoldii and C. tigrina. However the results are preliminary and the search for a specific medium culture for each species, aiming rapid growth in quantity, need continuity to say properly which of the tested protocols is the most suitable to each species. There are taxonomic conflicts involving C. guttata, C. tigrina and C. leopoldii. Many taxonomists consider C. tigrina and also C. leopoldii as synonyms of C. guttata. The knowledge concerning the cytogenetics of the Orchidaceae family has contributed significantly to the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships at all taxonomic levels in different 9 genus. Among Cattleya, karyological studies have identified subjects with 40 to 100 chromosomes, where n = 20 is the most frequent basic number. To diagnose the chromosome number of C. guttata, C. leopoldii and C. tigrina was employed Feulgen method in 8-hydroxyquinoline pre-treated roots. However, cytogenetic studies obtained were not proper enough to say that the three studied species are similar or different from...
The commercial orchids cultive is significant in the world. Some genera and species native to Brazil, as the Cattleya, are appreciated and have high economic value because of the genetic recombination ability, beauty, shape, size and durability of its flowers. However, many of these species and genera are at risk of extinction, making them subject to several studies. Biotechnological techniques of in vitro (asymbiotic seed germination and micropropagation) are valuable tools for seedlings obtainment. Due to pollination in nature be limited and with low germination probability, in vitro cultivation uses suitable formulations of media culture for germination and growth of different species, resulting in higher germination rates compared to natural conditions. In this work we compared the performance of different culture media on germination and development of Cattleya guttata, C. leopoldii and C. tigrina. However the results are preliminary and the search for a specific medium culture for each species, aiming rapid growth in quantity, need continuity to say properly which of the tested protocols is the most suitable to each species. There are taxonomic conflicts involving C. guttata, C. tigrina and C. leopoldii. Many taxonomists consider C. tigrina and also C. leopoldii as synonyms of C. guttata. The knowledge concerning the cytogenetics of the Orchidaceae family has contributed significantly to the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships at all taxonomic levels in different 9 genus. Among Cattleya, karyological studies have identified subjects with 40 to 100 chromosomes, where n = 20 is the most frequent basic number. To diagnose the chromosome number of C. guttata, C. leopoldii and C. tigrina was employed Feulgen method in 8-hydroxyquinoline pre-treated roots. However, cytogenetic studies obtained were not proper enough to say that the three studied species are similar or different from...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Orquidea - Cultivo, Flores - Cultivo, Plantas - Extinção, Plantas ornamentais, Orchid culture
Como citar
MORAES, Milena Cristina. Estudo biotecnológico, citogenético e molecular em espécies de orquídeas endêmicas da flora brasileira. 2014. 67 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Assis, 2014.