Análise da dinâmica de fragmentos florestais: estudo de caso de Sorocaba-SP
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Data
2014-06-04
Autores
Bortoleto, Ludmila Araújo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As mudanças na paisagem causadas por fatores antrópicos geram grandes impactos sobre os ecossistemas. Uma das principais alterações que vem acontecendo é a substituição da vegetação nativa por outros formas de cobertura, resultando num cenário de fragmentação da vegetação natural que resta. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se quantitativamente e qualitativamente os fragmentos florestais remanescentes no município de Sorocaba, utilizando mapas digitais de cobertura da terra de duas épocas (1988 e 2011) gerados a partir de imagens de satélite. As métricas da paisagem como tamanho dos fragmentos, distância entre eles e efeito de borda, foram calculadas. Analisou-se também a qualidade da cobertura da terra conforme a intensidade de uso humano e o potencial de percolação na matriz. Os resultados apresentaram que apesar da alta variação da paisagem, ocorreu um aumento da área de Vegetação Natural Remanescente/Reflorestamento. Houve também um grande aumento da área urbana em 18,1%. O número de fragmentos florestais diminuiu em 161 fragmentos no período. Contudo, notou-se que os fragmentos estão maiores em áreas. A distância entre os fragmentos teve sua maior variação na classe <100m, sugerindo haver uma maior conectividade entre eles. Apesar da proximidade entre os fragmentos, eles estão sob efeito de borda, e a tendência se manteve para o período de estudo. A qualidade da cobertura da terra mostrou que a paisagem do município passou por um processo de transformação induzido por atividades antrópicas. Além disso, o potencial de percolação da classe não habitat revelou dados tabulares que sugerem preocupação com as áreas onde há intensificação de uso humano e, ainda, mapas com regiões importantes que favorecem a recomposição da paisagem. De forma geral, o estudo se torna base para o conhecimento da paisagem local e dá sustentabilidade para a tomada de decisões quanto ao planejamento ambiental e urbano do...
Changes in the landscape provoked by anthropogenic factors usually cause that threat for ecosystems. One important change that has occurring is the replacement of native vegetation by other kinds of land cover, resulting in a fragmentation process of the remaining vegetation. Here we investigated the dynamic of the land cover change, as well as the dynamic of patches of the natural remnant vegetation (NRV) in the Sorocaba municipality - Brazil for a period of 23 years (1988 and 2011) using digital land cover maps, which were generated from satellite images. Several landscape metrics as fragment size, distance between them and also edge effect were calculated. The quality of land use was also analyzed, according to the intensity of human use, and percolation potential in the matrix. The results showed that despite the high variation in the landscape, there was an increase in the area of remaining vegetation. There was also an expressive increase in the urban area 18.1%. The number of forest fragments declined in 161 fragments in the period. However, it was noted that the fragments are denser. The distance among the fragments had a greater variation in class < 100m, suggesting that there was greater connectivity among them. Despite the connectivity among the fragments, they are under edge effect, and the trend continued for the period of study. Through the quality of land use, it was verified that the landscape of the city experimented a process of transformation induced by anthropogenic activities. Moreover, the potential percolation of non habitat area revealed tabular data that suggest concern about areas where there intensification of human use and also with important regions that favor the restoration of the landscape. Overall, the study becomes the basis for knowledge of the local landscape and provides sustainability for making decisions about the environmental and urban planning of Sorocaba city
Changes in the landscape provoked by anthropogenic factors usually cause that threat for ecosystems. One important change that has occurring is the replacement of native vegetation by other kinds of land cover, resulting in a fragmentation process of the remaining vegetation. Here we investigated the dynamic of the land cover change, as well as the dynamic of patches of the natural remnant vegetation (NRV) in the Sorocaba municipality - Brazil for a period of 23 years (1988 and 2011) using digital land cover maps, which were generated from satellite images. Several landscape metrics as fragment size, distance between them and also edge effect were calculated. The quality of land use was also analyzed, according to the intensity of human use, and percolation potential in the matrix. The results showed that despite the high variation in the landscape, there was an increase in the area of remaining vegetation. There was also an expressive increase in the urban area 18.1%. The number of forest fragments declined in 161 fragments in the period. However, it was noted that the fragments are denser. The distance among the fragments had a greater variation in class < 100m, suggesting that there was greater connectivity among them. Despite the connectivity among the fragments, they are under edge effect, and the trend continued for the period of study. Through the quality of land use, it was verified that the landscape of the city experimented a process of transformation induced by anthropogenic activities. Moreover, the potential percolation of non habitat area revealed tabular data that suggest concern about areas where there intensification of human use and also with important regions that favor the restoration of the landscape. Overall, the study becomes the basis for knowledge of the local landscape and provides sustainability for making decisions about the environmental and urban planning of Sorocaba city
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Vegetação - Mapeamento, Florestas, Paisagens fragmentadas, Percolação - São Paulo (Estado), Vegetation mapping
Como citar
BORTOLETO, Ludmila Araújo. Análise da dinâmica de fragmentos florestais: estudo de caso de Sorocaba-SP. 2014. 76 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Engenharia, 2014.