Currículo na educação infantil: implicações da teoria Histórico-Cultural
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Data
2016-02-03
Autores
Akuri, Juliana Guimarães Marcelino [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A concepção de um currículo para a Educação Infantil promotor do máximo desenvolvimento humano das crianças de até 5 anos implica a superação dos modelos baseados nas práticas fragmentadas do Ensino Fundamental, ainda tão presentes nas escolas infantis. Para isso, requer a participação de professores comprometidos com uma educação humanizadora, que compreendam o papel ativo da criança na sua aprendizagem, como sujeito que se apropria, mediado pelo professor, da riqueza cultural da humanidade e se desenvolve a patamares cada vez mais elevados. Frente a isso, os objetivos da investigação, em nível de mestrado, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências da Unesp, Campus de Marília, foram refletir sobre o Currículo na Educação Infantil com base na Teoria Histórico-Cultural e deduzir implicações pedagógicas dessa corrente teórica para a organização curricular da escola de Educação Infantil. Com abordagem qualitativa, o estudo envolveu levantamento bibliográfico em diversas fontes digitais para conhecimento da produção na área e ampliou seu corpus com materiais de acervo particular e outros localizados em bibliotecas de instituições de Ensino Superior, buscando resposta à questão: Quais as implicações pedagógicas das proposições da Teoria Histórico-Cultural para pensarmos o Currículo na Educação Infantil? Delineando uma trajetória histórica e política da Educação Infantil no Brasil, este trabalho apresenta aspectos conceituais do currículo em geral e do Currículo na Educação Infantil, que constituem o pano de fundo para a apresentação de conceitos da Teoria Histórico-Cultural, fundamentais à compreensão do processo de humanização das crianças. Mediante análise desses fundamentos teóricos, são deduzidas implicações pedagógicas para a composição de um currículo orientador de práticas que favoreçam o desenvolvimento pleno das qualidades humanas em crianças da Educação Infantil. Associados às implicações pedagógicas, são destacados elementos para encaminhamentos didáticos na escola, enfatizando possibilidades de acesso das crianças à cultura produzida ao longo da história da humanidade. De modo geral, os resultados da pesquisa apontam para uma organização curricular relacionada às formas mais elaboradas de produção humana, objetivadas e materializadas nas artes, nas ciências, na filosofia e na linguagem. Isso exige conhecimento teórico por parte do professor para eleger e organizar intencionalmente os conteúdos da cultura a serem apropriados e objetivados pelas crianças. Dessa forma, considerando as regularidades e especificidades do desenvolvimento infantil, o professor promove e medeia vivências capazes de contribuir para a formação e o desenvolvimento máximo da inteligência e da personalidade das crianças na Educação Infantil.
The design of a curriculum for Early Childhood Education of the maximum human development promoter of children up to five years implies overcoming the models based on fragmented practices of elementary school, still so present in children's schools. To do this requires the participation of committed teachers with a humanizing education that understand the child's active attitude in learning, as a subject who appropriates, mediated by the educator, of the cultural wealth of humanity and develops into increasingly high levels. Faced to this, the research aims at Masters level in Graduate Studies Program in Education of the Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências da Unesp, Campus Marília, were reflect about the Curriculum in Early Childhood Education based on the Historical-Cultural Theory and deduct pedagogical implications of this theoretical current for curricular organization of Early Childhood Education School.With a qualitative approach, the study involved bibliographic research on various digital sources for knowledge of the production in the area and expanded its corpus with private collection of materials and others located in libraries of institutions of University Education, trying to answer the question: What are the pedagogical implications of the propositions of the Historical-Cultural Theory to think the Curriculum in Early Childhood Education? Outlining a historical and political trajectory of the Early Childhood Education in Brazil, this paper presents conceptual aspects of the curriculum in general and of the curriculum in Early Childhood Education that form the backdrop for the presentation of concepts of the Historical-Cultural Theory fundamental to understand the children humanization process. By analyzing these theoretical foundations, pedagogical implications are deducted for the composition of a curriculum that guide practice that favor the full development of human qualities in children from Early Childhood Education. Associated to the pedagogical implications, elements to didactic forwarding in school are showed to emphasize possibilities of children’s access to the culture produced throughout the history of humanity. Altogether, the survey results point to a curricular organization related to the most elaborated forms of human production that are objectified in arts, sciences, philosophy and language. This requires theoretical knowledge from the teacher to choose and intentionally organize contents of the culture to be appropriate and objectified by the children. This way, considering the regularities and specificities of child development, the teacher promotes and mediates experiences that contribute to the formation and the maximum development of intelligence and the personality of children in Early Childhood Education.
The design of a curriculum for Early Childhood Education of the maximum human development promoter of children up to five years implies overcoming the models based on fragmented practices of elementary school, still so present in children's schools. To do this requires the participation of committed teachers with a humanizing education that understand the child's active attitude in learning, as a subject who appropriates, mediated by the educator, of the cultural wealth of humanity and develops into increasingly high levels. Faced to this, the research aims at Masters level in Graduate Studies Program in Education of the Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências da Unesp, Campus Marília, were reflect about the Curriculum in Early Childhood Education based on the Historical-Cultural Theory and deduct pedagogical implications of this theoretical current for curricular organization of Early Childhood Education School.With a qualitative approach, the study involved bibliographic research on various digital sources for knowledge of the production in the area and expanded its corpus with private collection of materials and others located in libraries of institutions of University Education, trying to answer the question: What are the pedagogical implications of the propositions of the Historical-Cultural Theory to think the Curriculum in Early Childhood Education? Outlining a historical and political trajectory of the Early Childhood Education in Brazil, this paper presents conceptual aspects of the curriculum in general and of the curriculum in Early Childhood Education that form the backdrop for the presentation of concepts of the Historical-Cultural Theory fundamental to understand the children humanization process. By analyzing these theoretical foundations, pedagogical implications are deducted for the composition of a curriculum that guide practice that favor the full development of human qualities in children from Early Childhood Education. Associated to the pedagogical implications, elements to didactic forwarding in school are showed to emphasize possibilities of children’s access to the culture produced throughout the history of humanity. Altogether, the survey results point to a curricular organization related to the most elaborated forms of human production that are objectified in arts, sciences, philosophy and language. This requires theoretical knowledge from the teacher to choose and intentionally organize contents of the culture to be appropriate and objectified by the children. This way, considering the regularities and specificities of child development, the teacher promotes and mediates experiences that contribute to the formation and the maximum development of intelligence and the personality of children in Early Childhood Education.
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Palavras-chave
Educação, Educação infantil, Currículo, Implicações pedagógicas da teoria Histórico-Cultural, Education, Early childhood education, Curriculum, Pedagogical implications of the Historical-Cultural theory