Inserção de pessoas com deficiências no mercado formal de trabalho a partir da percepção dos profissionais de recursos humanos das empresas
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Data
2016-02-16
Autores
Lorenzo, Suelen Moraes de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A inclusão de pessoas com deficiências no mercado formal de trabalho reflete uma tentativa de superação do histórico processo de exclusão vivenciado por estas pessoas, o qual as privou do acesso ao trabalho e educação. Para promover a inclusão foi criado um conjunto de medidas legislativas, com destaque para a Lei de Cotas. Contudo, ainda que a mesma represente um avanço, atualmente menos de 1% das pessoas com deficiências estão empregadas no mercado formal de trabalho. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo descrever e analisar as características do processo de contratação de pessoas com deficiência no mercado formal de trabalho pelas empresas em um município do interior paulista. A metodologia empregada foi a realização de entrevista semiestruturada junto aos profissionais de recursos humanos de 12 empresas do setor alimentício. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo e estatística descritiva. Os resultados encontrados revelam uma imagem negativa das pessoas com deficiência, com foco na deficiência e suas limitações em detrimento das habilidades e potencialidades. Não obstante, há um despreparo dos profissionais de recursos humanos para a contratação destes funcionários devido às dificuldades com o conceito de inclusão, sendo que a Lei de Cotas foi e continua a ser o principal motivo para a contratação das pessoas com deficiência. As condições de trabalho ofertadas não são favoráveis, as funções geralmente realizadas pelos funcionários com deficiência são operacionais e o processo de recrutamento e seleção é realizado pelas próprias empresas e sem auxílio de profissional habilitado. Entre as dificuldades para a contratação foram apontadas as características da deficiência e a presença do Benefício da Prestação Continuada (BPC). A maioria dos contratados cumpre jornada de trabalho de 44 horas semanais e não possui plano de carreira. Os treinamentos ofertados demonstraram ser de baixo custo e também sem ajuda de profissional habilitado. Não foram realizadas adaptações e o tempo de permanência na empresa é igual ou menor a cinco anos. Os desligamentos destes funcionários ocorrem por demanda espontânea e há uma menor rotatividade entre os funcionários com deficiência quando comparados com os demais funcionários. Portanto, a Lei de cotas tem ampliado de modo discreto o acesso das pessoas com deficiência às vagas do mercado formal de trabalho, mas ainda há pouco investimento em formação e qualificação profissional tanto para pessoas com deficiência quanto para profissionais envolvidos na contratação e inclusão destas pessoas.
The inclusion of disabled people in the formal labor market reflects the overcoming of the historical process of exclusion experienced by these people, which have deprived them of access to work and education. In order to promote inclusion, compensatory legislative measures were set up in Brazil, commonly known as Quota Law. However, in spite of improvements brought by Quota Law, less than 1% of disabled people is formally employed. This research aims to describe and analyze the characteristics of the employing process of people with disabilities in the formal labor market by companies of a city in São Paulo Estate countryside. The used method was a semi-structured interview applied to human resources professionals of twelve food companies. Data were analyzed using content analysis technique and descriptive statistics. The results showed a negative conception of people with disabilities focused on their disability and limitations instead of their skills and capabilities. Also, there is a lack of preparation of human resources professionals to employ such professional due to distortion of the concept of inclusion, as well as the majority of companies deny to discuss this issue. In addition, the Quota Law remains the main reason for hiring people with disabilities, and working conditions offered are not adequate. The functions usually performed by employees with disabilities are operational and the processes of recruitment and selection are done by the companies themselves without qualified professional’s assistance. Further, the greatest difficulties in hiring employees reported by the companies are the disabilities’ impairs, the BPC, a 44-hour workweek and difficulties in creating a career plan. The offered training proved to be inexpensive and without professional help. Else, there is few or no adaptations in workplace and the job tenure is equal to or less than five years. The shutdowns occur by employees’ will and the turnover among employees with disabilities is lower than in others. Therefore, although the Quota Law has discreetly increased access for people with disabilities to jobs, there is little investment in workstation’s fittings and in professional qualification for both people with disabilities and for professionals involved in hiring and including disabled people.
The inclusion of disabled people in the formal labor market reflects the overcoming of the historical process of exclusion experienced by these people, which have deprived them of access to work and education. In order to promote inclusion, compensatory legislative measures were set up in Brazil, commonly known as Quota Law. However, in spite of improvements brought by Quota Law, less than 1% of disabled people is formally employed. This research aims to describe and analyze the characteristics of the employing process of people with disabilities in the formal labor market by companies of a city in São Paulo Estate countryside. The used method was a semi-structured interview applied to human resources professionals of twelve food companies. Data were analyzed using content analysis technique and descriptive statistics. The results showed a negative conception of people with disabilities focused on their disability and limitations instead of their skills and capabilities. Also, there is a lack of preparation of human resources professionals to employ such professional due to distortion of the concept of inclusion, as well as the majority of companies deny to discuss this issue. In addition, the Quota Law remains the main reason for hiring people with disabilities, and working conditions offered are not adequate. The functions usually performed by employees with disabilities are operational and the processes of recruitment and selection are done by the companies themselves without qualified professional’s assistance. Further, the greatest difficulties in hiring employees reported by the companies are the disabilities’ impairs, the BPC, a 44-hour workweek and difficulties in creating a career plan. The offered training proved to be inexpensive and without professional help. Else, there is few or no adaptations in workplace and the job tenure is equal to or less than five years. The shutdowns occur by employees’ will and the turnover among employees with disabilities is lower than in others. Therefore, although the Quota Law has discreetly increased access for people with disabilities to jobs, there is little investment in workstation’s fittings and in professional qualification for both people with disabilities and for professionals involved in hiring and including disabled people.
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Mercado de trabalho, Inclusão profissional, Pessoas com deficiência, Educação especial, Labor market, Professional inclusion, People with disabilities, Special education