Propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis de mdp (medium density particleboard) constituído de bambu e fibra de coco
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Data
2016-01-25
Autores
Dinhane, Fernanda Christiane Rossetto [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A matéria-prima utilizada pelas indústrias de painéis é a madeira de reflorestamento, sendo de diversas espécies. Visando o aproveitamento dos resíduos agroindustriais e a melhora no desempenho físico-mecânico dos painéis, a utilização de outros materiais como o bagaço de cana, o sisal, a casca de café e a fibra de coco são algumas alternativas. Além destes materiais, o bambu destaca-se pela sua alta produtividade e pela menor quantidade de área plantada quando comparada com outras culturas, como o Eucalipto. Números que representam a quantidade de resíduos gerados, no caso da fibra de coco no Brasil são de aproximadamente 3,7 mil toneladas considerando que um fruto pesa dois quilogramas, no ano de 2014. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades físicas e mecânicas de painéis MDP (Medium Density Particleboard), fabricado com três camadas, constituídos de fibra de coco e partículas de bambu, com variações nas porcentagens utilizadas de fibra de coco na camada interna do painel. Para a fabricação dos painéis utilizou-se partículas retidas em peneiramento com peneiras de 9 mesh, 16 mesh, 35 mesh e 60 mesh. Através do processamento mecânico dos materiais e da adição de adesivo poliuretano bi-componente à base de óleo de mamona foram confeccionado painéis de bambu com fibra de coco. Painéis estes constituídos de duas camadas externas de bambu e a camada interna de fibra de coco mais bambu. Em termos de porcentagem de material utilizado em um painel, 60 % representa a parte interna e o restante corresponde à parte externa, 20 % acima e 20 % abaixo da camada interna. Sendo que, as variações das porcentagens de fibra de coco na camada interna foram de 0% para o Tratamento 0-100, 10% para o Tratamento 10-90, 20% para o Tratamento 20-80 e 30% para o Tratamento 30-70. Para cada tratamento foram realizados cinco repetições, totalizando 20 painéis produzidos. As normas utilizadas como referência para avaliação físico-mecânica foram NBR 14810-2 (2013), ANSI A208.1 (1999) e CS 236-66 (1968), avaliando as propriedades físicas e mecânicas. Foram determinados o teor de umidade, densidade, inchamento em espessura 24 horas, absorção de água 24 horas, resistência à flexão estática e módulo de elasticidade, resistência à tração perpendicular e arrancamento de parafuso no topo e na superfície. O tratamento 0-100 obteve os maiores valores médios de resistência. Atendeu as especificações das três normas, exceto a CS 236-66 (1968) para o MOE. Com o objetivo da utilização da fibra de coco, o tratamento 30-70 foi o tratamento que dentre os três (tratamentos 10-90, 20-80 e 30-70) obteve os maiores valores médios de resistência, viabilizando assim o uso da fibra de coco com o bambu, para a produção de móveis e de painéis de revestimento térmico acústico que necessitam de valores mínimos de resistência.
The raw material used by panels industries is reforested wood, and of several species. Targeting the use of agro-industrial waste and the improvement in physical and mechanical performance of the panels, the use of other materials such as sugarcane bagasse, sisal, coffee husk and coir are some alternatives. In addition to these materials, bamboo stands out for its high productivity and the lower amount of planted area compared to other crops such as Eucalyptus. Numbers representing the amount of waste generated in the case of coconut fiber in Brazil are approximately 3.7 thousand tons whereas a fruit weighs two kilograms, in the year 2014. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties MDP panels (Medium Density Particleboard) made of three layers consisting of coconut and bamboo fiber particles with variations in the percentages of coconut fiber used in the inner layer panel. For the manufacture of the panels used to particulates collected in sieve with mesh sieve 9, 16 mesh, 35 mesh and 60 mesh. Through the mechanical processing of the materials and the addition of two-component polyurethane adhesive on castor oil-based panels were made with bamboo coconut fiber. These panels consisting of two outer layers of bamboo and the inner layer coconut more bamboo fiber. In terms of percentage of material used in a panel, 60% is inside, and the rest is to the outside, 20% above and 20% below the inner layer. Since the variations of the percentages of coconut fiber in the inner layer was 0% for the Treatment 0-100, 10% for the Treatment 10-90 20% 20-80 for the treatment and 30% for the Treatment 30- 70. For each treatment were performed five repetitions, totaling 20 panels produced. The standards used as reference to physical and mechanical evaluation were NBR 14810-2 (2013), ANSI A208.1 (1999) and CS 236-66 (1968), evaluating the physical and mechanical properties. They were determined moisture content, density, thickness swelling 24 hours, water absorption 24 hours, static bending strength and modulus of elasticity, internal bond and screw pullout top and bottom surface. Treatment 0-100 obtained the highest average values of resistance. Met the specifications of the three standards, except CS 236-66 (1968) to the MOE. With the goal of using coir, treatment 30-70 was the treatment of the three (treatments 10-90, 20-80 and 30-70) had the highest average values of resistance, thus enabling the use of fiber coconut with bamboo, for the production of furniture and sound insulated panels requiring minimum resistance values.
The raw material used by panels industries is reforested wood, and of several species. Targeting the use of agro-industrial waste and the improvement in physical and mechanical performance of the panels, the use of other materials such as sugarcane bagasse, sisal, coffee husk and coir are some alternatives. In addition to these materials, bamboo stands out for its high productivity and the lower amount of planted area compared to other crops such as Eucalyptus. Numbers representing the amount of waste generated in the case of coconut fiber in Brazil are approximately 3.7 thousand tons whereas a fruit weighs two kilograms, in the year 2014. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties MDP panels (Medium Density Particleboard) made of three layers consisting of coconut and bamboo fiber particles with variations in the percentages of coconut fiber used in the inner layer panel. For the manufacture of the panels used to particulates collected in sieve with mesh sieve 9, 16 mesh, 35 mesh and 60 mesh. Through the mechanical processing of the materials and the addition of two-component polyurethane adhesive on castor oil-based panels were made with bamboo coconut fiber. These panels consisting of two outer layers of bamboo and the inner layer coconut more bamboo fiber. In terms of percentage of material used in a panel, 60% is inside, and the rest is to the outside, 20% above and 20% below the inner layer. Since the variations of the percentages of coconut fiber in the inner layer was 0% for the Treatment 0-100, 10% for the Treatment 10-90 20% 20-80 for the treatment and 30% for the Treatment 30- 70. For each treatment were performed five repetitions, totaling 20 panels produced. The standards used as reference to physical and mechanical evaluation were NBR 14810-2 (2013), ANSI A208.1 (1999) and CS 236-66 (1968), evaluating the physical and mechanical properties. They were determined moisture content, density, thickness swelling 24 hours, water absorption 24 hours, static bending strength and modulus of elasticity, internal bond and screw pullout top and bottom surface. Treatment 0-100 obtained the highest average values of resistance. Met the specifications of the three standards, except CS 236-66 (1968) to the MOE. With the goal of using coir, treatment 30-70 was the treatment of the three (treatments 10-90, 20-80 and 30-70) had the highest average values of resistance, thus enabling the use of fiber coconut with bamboo, for the production of furniture and sound insulated panels requiring minimum resistance values.
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Palavras-chave
Painéis de partículas, Resina de mamona, Coco-da-bahia, Particleboards, Castor oil resin, Coconut-the-bahia