Ensino de Física para alunos com deficiência visual: o processo de ensino-aprendizagem nos ambientes escolares das salas de aula regular e de recursos
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Data
2016-02-29
Autores
Silva, Marcela Ribeiro da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
É crescente o número de alunos com deficiência visual presentes nas escolas regulares e, consequentemente nas aulas de Física. Para atender às necessidades específicas deste alunado, em consonância com as políticas nacionais, no estado de São Paulo é ofertado, de forma complementar ao ensino regular, o atendimento pedagógico especializado (APE), feito preferencialmente em salas de recursos. Em linhas gerais, os estudantes com deficiência visual matriculados no Ensino Médio devem frequentar a sala de recursos em um período diverso daquele em que frequentam a sala de aula regular. Destarte, o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de tais alunos deve ocorrer nos dois ambientes supracitados. Diante disto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi entender como ocorre, nos ambientes escolares das salas de aula regular e de recursos, o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Física de uma aluna cega congênita matriculada no Ensino Médio da rede estadual paulista de ensino. Esta pesquisa se pautou no referencial metodológico qualitativo e teve como participantes: uma aluna cega matriculada no 2º. ano do Ensino Médio e que frequenta a sala de recursos, sua professora de Física e a professora da sala de recursos. Foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os participantes e observações das aulas de Física e das atividades desenvolvidas na sala de recursos. Ademais, foi solicitado à professora deste último ambiente escolar que transcrevesse para o braille o enunciado em tinta de um exercício de Física. As transcrições das entrevistas foram analisadas à luz da análise de discurso de linha francesa, fundada por Michel Pêcheux, e que tem Eni Orlandi como principal precursora no Brasil. As observações foram tomadas como um referencial para compreensão do quadro contextual de onde emergiram os discursos. Os resultados indicam que o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da aluna tem se configurado de forma excludente, sendo demarcado pelos seguintes aspectos: ausência, nas aulas de Física, de estratégias e materiais didáticos acessíveis a alunos cegos e predominância do uso da linguagem de estrutura empírica audiovisual interdependente; inexistência de parcerias entre as docentes de Física e da sala de recursos; atendimento pedagógico especializado marcado menos por atividades complementares e mais pelo reforço escolar/atividades substitutivas ao ensino na sala de aula regular e; dificuldades/ausência de padrão concernentes à escrita em braille, tanto pela aluna quanto pela professora da sala de recursos, de equações e simbologias específicas da Física, que somadas à predominância, no contexto das aulas de Física, do uso da linguagem de estrutura empírica audiovisual interdependente têm desencadeado em dificuldades no processo de avaliação da aluna, principalmente no uso da prova escrita como instrumento de avaliação. Os resultados delineados não se restringem à situação estudada, pois a oferta e estruturação do atendimento pedagógico especializado em salas de recursos como apoio às atividades desenvolvidas na sala de aula regular é prevista pelas políticas públicas, de modo que no estado de São Paulo, alunos com deficiência visual matriculados no Ensino Médio e que frequentam a sala de recursos estão presentes em diversas escolas públicas.
Is increasing the number of students with visual impairment present in regular schools and, consequently in Physics classes. To attend the specific educational needs of these students, in consonance with national policies, in the state of São Paulo is offered, in a complementary form to regular education, the specialized pedagogical service, preferably done in resource rooms. Generally speaking, students with visual impairment enrolled in high school must be attend resource room in a different period from that in which attend regular classroom and, consequently the Physics classes. Thus, the teaching-learning process of these students must occur in both environments cited. Hence, the objective of this research was to understand how occurs, in school environments of regular classroom and resource room, the teaching-learning process of a congenital blind student enrolled in high school in the state of São Paulo. This research was based on the qualitative methodological framework and had as participants: a blind student enrolled in 2nd. year of high school and who attend resource room, her Physics teacher and the teacher of resource room. Semi-structured interviews with participants and observations of Physics classes and of activities developed in the resource room were conduced. Furthermore, was requested, for the teacher of resource room, a transcription in braille of an utterance, in ink, of a exercise of Physics. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using discourse analysis in the French perspective, founded by Michel Pêcheux, and which has Eni Orlandi as a main precursor in Brazil. Observations were taken as a reference for understanding the contextual framework where the discourses emerged. The results indicate that the teaching-learning process of the student has been exclusionary, being marked by the following aspects: absence, in Physics classes, of strategies and didactic material accessible to blind students and predominant use of interdependent audio-visual empirical structure language; absence of partnerships between the high school Physics teacher and the teacher of resource room; specialized pedagogical service marked less by complementary activities and more for school tutoring/substitute activities to education in the regular classroom and; difficulties/absence of a standard concerning written in braille, both the student and by the teacher resource room, of equations and specific symbols of Physics, which added to the predominance, in the context of the Physics classes, of the use of interdependent audio-visual empirical structure language have triggered difficulties in the student assessment process, especially in the use of the written test as an assessment instrument. The results outlined is not restricted to the studied situation because the offer and structuration of the specialized pedagogical service in resource rooms to support the activities developed in the regular classroom is provided by public policies, so that in the state of São Paulo, visually impaired students enrolled in high school and who attend resource room are present in many public schools.
Is increasing the number of students with visual impairment present in regular schools and, consequently in Physics classes. To attend the specific educational needs of these students, in consonance with national policies, in the state of São Paulo is offered, in a complementary form to regular education, the specialized pedagogical service, preferably done in resource rooms. Generally speaking, students with visual impairment enrolled in high school must be attend resource room in a different period from that in which attend regular classroom and, consequently the Physics classes. Thus, the teaching-learning process of these students must occur in both environments cited. Hence, the objective of this research was to understand how occurs, in school environments of regular classroom and resource room, the teaching-learning process of a congenital blind student enrolled in high school in the state of São Paulo. This research was based on the qualitative methodological framework and had as participants: a blind student enrolled in 2nd. year of high school and who attend resource room, her Physics teacher and the teacher of resource room. Semi-structured interviews with participants and observations of Physics classes and of activities developed in the resource room were conduced. Furthermore, was requested, for the teacher of resource room, a transcription in braille of an utterance, in ink, of a exercise of Physics. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using discourse analysis in the French perspective, founded by Michel Pêcheux, and which has Eni Orlandi as a main precursor in Brazil. Observations were taken as a reference for understanding the contextual framework where the discourses emerged. The results indicate that the teaching-learning process of the student has been exclusionary, being marked by the following aspects: absence, in Physics classes, of strategies and didactic material accessible to blind students and predominant use of interdependent audio-visual empirical structure language; absence of partnerships between the high school Physics teacher and the teacher of resource room; specialized pedagogical service marked less by complementary activities and more for school tutoring/substitute activities to education in the regular classroom and; difficulties/absence of a standard concerning written in braille, both the student and by the teacher resource room, of equations and specific symbols of Physics, which added to the predominance, in the context of the Physics classes, of the use of interdependent audio-visual empirical structure language have triggered difficulties in the student assessment process, especially in the use of the written test as an assessment instrument. The results outlined is not restricted to the studied situation because the offer and structuration of the specialized pedagogical service in resource rooms to support the activities developed in the regular classroom is provided by public policies, so that in the state of São Paulo, visually impaired students enrolled in high school and who attend resource room are present in many public schools.
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Palavras-chave
Ensino de Física, Deficiência visual, Inclusão, Atendimento pedagógico especializado, Sala de recursos, Análise de discurso, Physics teaching, Visual impairment, Inclusion, Specialized pedagogical service, Resource rooms, Discourse analysis