Aspectos biológicos de Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) e estratégias para o manejo da praga
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Data
2016-06-30
Autores
Magalhães, Gustavo Oliveira de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a biologia de linhagens de P. xylostella em criações para fins de pesquisa e verificar o efeito de B. thuringiensis sobre P. nigrispinus em associação de métodos para o manejo da praga em ambiente protegido. As larvas de P. xylostella foram coletadas em Brassica oleracea var. italica - brócolis Piracicaba, e mantidas em Brassica oleracea var. acephala - couve Manteiga híbrida HS-20. A cada geração aspectos biológicos dos insetos foram avaliados em ensaios de laboratório. As características biológicas analisadas foram: período larval, viabilidade de larvas, período pupal, viabilidade de pupas, peso pupal, razão sexual, número de ovos por fêmea, fertilidade de ovos, longevidade de machos e longevidade de fêmeas. Também, com os dados obtidos foi construída a tabela de vida de fertilidade. Já com predador, P. nigrispinus, foi avaliada a história de vida, o consumo de lagartas de P. xylostella em plantas de couve tratadas com bioinseticidas à base de Bacillus thuringiensis e também sua atividade de fitofagia nestas plantas, em casa de vegetação. Nas avaliações de P. xylostella, indivíduos coletados no campo apresentaram duração larval (8,2 dias) e pupal (3,8 dias) maiores, diminuindo ao longo de gerações. A viabilidade pupal (86,9%) e a fertilidade (93,0%) também foram maiores para essa população, com menor peso de pupa (4,7 mg). Além disso, apresentaram menor taxa líquida de aumento populacional (Ro), com 39 fêmeas/fêmea/dia, enquanto que, na população de P. xylostella proveniente do laboratório foi de 47,8 fêmeas/fêmea/dia. As características biológicas dos predadores, de modo geral, não sofreram alterações quando consumiram presas diretamente em plantas de couve tratadas com os bioinseticidas. Além disso, a fitofagia foi semelhante indicando que os bioinseticidas utilizados, mesmo o produto formulado, não apresentam substâncias que são repelentes para os predadores. Em conclusão, os parâmetros biológicos de P. xylostella demonstraram que o baixo desempenho em algumas características nas primeiras gerações pode ser melhorado ao longo das gerações e que o isolado HD1 ou o produto comercial Agree® à base de B. thuringiensis podem ser utilizados em associação com o predador P. nigrispinus em ambiente protegido visando o controle de P. xylostella.
This study aimed to evaluate the biology of P. xylostella strains in mass rearing for research and verify the effects of B. thuringiensis on P. nigrispinus in association methods for the management of this pest in protected environment. Larvae collected from Brassica oleracea var. italica - broccoli Piracicaba, were kept in Brassica oleracea var. acephala - kale Manteiga hibrida HS-20. The biological aspects of insects generations were evaluated in laboratory bioassays. The biological parameters evaluated were: larval period, larval viability, pupal period, pupal viability, pupal weight, sex ratio, number of eggs per female, eggs fertility, longevity of males and females. The data were used to construc of a life table fertility. The predator consuming P. xylostella larvae in kale plants treated with bionsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis and also their phytophagy activity in these plants, in green house was evaluated. The individuals collected in the field presented larval period (8.2 days) and pupal (3.8 days) longer, decreasing over generations. 86.9% of pupal viability and 93.0% of fertility were also high in this population, however prepal weight was significanthy low (4.7 mg). In addition, the lower net rate of population increase (Ro) with 39 females / female / day, whereas in P. xylostella population from the laboratory was 47.8 females / female / day. In general, the biological characteristics of predators did not change when the predators consumed prey directly on kale plants treated with biopesticides. In addition, phytophagy was similar indicating that biopesticides used, even the formulated product did not have substances that were repellent to predators. In conclusion, the biological parameters of P. xylostella demonstrated that the poor performance in some biological in the first generation can be improved over the generations, and HD1 strain or commercial product Agree® based of B. thuringiensis can be used in combination with the predator P. nigrispinus in a protected environment to control P. xylostella.
This study aimed to evaluate the biology of P. xylostella strains in mass rearing for research and verify the effects of B. thuringiensis on P. nigrispinus in association methods for the management of this pest in protected environment. Larvae collected from Brassica oleracea var. italica - broccoli Piracicaba, were kept in Brassica oleracea var. acephala - kale Manteiga hibrida HS-20. The biological aspects of insects generations were evaluated in laboratory bioassays. The biological parameters evaluated were: larval period, larval viability, pupal period, pupal viability, pupal weight, sex ratio, number of eggs per female, eggs fertility, longevity of males and females. The data were used to construc of a life table fertility. The predator consuming P. xylostella larvae in kale plants treated with bionsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis and also their phytophagy activity in these plants, in green house was evaluated. The individuals collected in the field presented larval period (8.2 days) and pupal (3.8 days) longer, decreasing over generations. 86.9% of pupal viability and 93.0% of fertility were also high in this population, however prepal weight was significanthy low (4.7 mg). In addition, the lower net rate of population increase (Ro) with 39 females / female / day, whereas in P. xylostella population from the laboratory was 47.8 females / female / day. In general, the biological characteristics of predators did not change when the predators consumed prey directly on kale plants treated with biopesticides. In addition, phytophagy was similar indicating that biopesticides used, even the formulated product did not have substances that were repellent to predators. In conclusion, the biological parameters of P. xylostella demonstrated that the poor performance in some biological in the first generation can be improved over the generations, and HD1 strain or commercial product Agree® based of B. thuringiensis can be used in combination with the predator P. nigrispinus in a protected environment to control P. xylostella.
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Palavras-chave
Asopinae, Traça das crucíferas, Biologia de inseto, Controle biológico, Predador, Bactéria entomopatogênica, Diamondback moth, Biological insects, Biological control, Predator, Entomopathogenic bacteria