Adubação fosfatada e potássica na implantação de Khaya senegalensis A.Juss
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Data
2016-10-24
Autores
Vasconcelos, Rodrigo Tenório de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A fertilização na implantação de florestas comerciais de mogno-africano pode promover maior crescimento inicial das plantas e garantir rápido estabelecimento do povoamento. No entanto, os plantios comerciais com Khaya senegalensis são recentes e poucas pesquisas sobre fertilização em condições de campo foram realizadas no Brasil. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, verificar os efeitos da aplicação de doses de fósforo e potássio no crescimento, na concentração de macronutrientes nas folhas, na fotossíntese, condutância estomática, transpiração e eficiência do uso da água em plantas de Khaya senegalensis na fase de implantação. Para isso, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em campo em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, um de fósforo instalado em janeiro de 2014 e um de potássio em março de 2014, ambos conduzidos por 24 meses. No experimento de fósforo, foram aplicados 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5 no plantio e no experimento de potássio foram aplicados, 0, 30, 60 e 90 kg ha-1 de K2O em três etapas, plantio, três e seis meses de idade. As mudas foram plantadas no espaçamento de 3 x 2 m e o delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições no experimento de fósforo e quatro repetições no experimento de potássio. Foram feitas avaliações de altura e diâmetro do caule das plantas aos 6, 12, 18 e 24 meses após o plantio no experimento de fósforo e aos 12, 18 e 24 meses após o plantio no experimento de potássio. Aos 12 meses, foi determinada a concentração de macronutrientes nas folhas e trocas gasosas das plantas em ambos experimentos. A fertilização fosfatada promoveu maior crescimento das plantas no período de um a dois anos de idade, promovendo aumento linear de altura e diâmetro à altura do peito com o aumento das doses de fósforo até a dose máxima de 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5. Khaya senegalensis foi pouco exigente em potássio na fase inicial de crescimento.
Fertilization in the implantation of mahogany african commercial forests can promote higher initial plant growth and ensure rapid establishment of the stand. However, there are recent commercial plantations with the species and little research on fertilization under field conditions were carried out in Brazil. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of the application of phosphorus and potassium on growth, concentration of macronutrients in the leaves, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and efficiency of water use in Khaya senegalensis plants in implantation phase. For this, two experiments were conducted in the field on red yellow ultisol, one of phosphorus installed in january 2014 and one of potassium in march 2014, both conducted for 24 months. Phosphorus experiment were applied 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1 P2O5 in planting and potassium experiment were applied, 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 K2O in three stages, planting, three and six months of age. The seedlings were planted at a spacing of 3 x 2 m and the experimental design was randomized blocks, with five repetitions in the phosphorous experiment and four replications in potassium experiment. Avaliations were made of height and stem diameter of the plants at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the phosphorous experiment planting and at 12, 18 and 24 months after planting potassium experiment. At 12 months, it was determined the concentration of nutrients in the leaves and gas exchange of plants in both experiments. Phosphate fertilization promoted greater growth of the plants in the period of one to two years of age, promoting a linear increase in height and diameter at breast height with the increase of phosphorus doses to the maximum dose of 120 kg ha-1 P2O5. Khaya senegalensis was undemanding in potassium fertilization in the initial phase of growth.
Fertilization in the implantation of mahogany african commercial forests can promote higher initial plant growth and ensure rapid establishment of the stand. However, there are recent commercial plantations with the species and little research on fertilization under field conditions were carried out in Brazil. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of the application of phosphorus and potassium on growth, concentration of macronutrients in the leaves, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and efficiency of water use in Khaya senegalensis plants in implantation phase. For this, two experiments were conducted in the field on red yellow ultisol, one of phosphorus installed in january 2014 and one of potassium in march 2014, both conducted for 24 months. Phosphorus experiment were applied 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1 P2O5 in planting and potassium experiment were applied, 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 K2O in three stages, planting, three and six months of age. The seedlings were planted at a spacing of 3 x 2 m and the experimental design was randomized blocks, with five repetitions in the phosphorous experiment and four replications in potassium experiment. Avaliations were made of height and stem diameter of the plants at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the phosphorous experiment planting and at 12, 18 and 24 months after planting potassium experiment. At 12 months, it was determined the concentration of nutrients in the leaves and gas exchange of plants in both experiments. Phosphate fertilization promoted greater growth of the plants in the period of one to two years of age, promoting a linear increase in height and diameter at breast height with the increase of phosphorus doses to the maximum dose of 120 kg ha-1 P2O5. Khaya senegalensis was undemanding in potassium fertilization in the initial phase of growth.
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Palavras-chave
Argissolo, Fertilização florestal, Fisiologia, Mogno-africano, Nutrição, Ultisol, Forest fertilization, Physiology, African mahogany, Nutrition