Governos, organizações sociais do campo e integração regional: um estudo da reunião especializada sobre agricultura familiar do Mercosul (REAF)
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Data
2017-02-17
Autores
Ferreira, Guilherme Augusto Guimarães [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL) foi criado, nos anos 1990, como um mecanismo para uma melhor inserção dos seus membros na economia global, no marco do chamado regionalismo aberto. No início do século XXI, contudo, com a eleição de governos alinhados à esquerda do espectro político regional, o regionalismo sofreu um processo de ressignificação em que a integração regional passou a ser compreendida como um instrumento para a construção de um espaço comercial e também como mais um mecanismo para criar e aplicar políticas públicas de corte regional. Ocorreu, neste contexto, um movimento de reforma institucional do MERCOSUL, marcado pela incorporação de diversos setores políticos e econômicos à institucionalidade do bloco, dentre os quais se encontra a agricultura familiar, no âmbito da Reunião Especializada sobre Agricultura Familiar do MERCOSUL (REAF). Tendo em vista o apresentado, esta dissertação realiza um estudo da REAF enquanto experiência de integração regional, apresentando seu processo de criação, os atores-chave envolvidos e a evolução de sua agenda de trabalho, com foco analítico nas dinâmicas de interação entre os governos e as organizações sociais do campo. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de um trabalho qualitativo, fundamentalmente baseado nas atas e anexos da REAF, nos documentos oficiais do MERCOSUL, em relatórios produzidos pelos governos e organizações internacionais envolvidos e em observações realizadas em pesquisa de campo. Espera-se, assim, que a análise do caso da REAF possa contribuir para a identificação e o entendimento dos fatores que, mesmo diante de um cenário aparentemente propício para o aprofundamento da integração, resultaram na perpetuação da lógica intergovernamental e das dificuldades de fortalecimento e aprofundamento do MERCOSUL.
The Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) was created in the 1990s as a mechanism to integrate its members into the global economy, in the contexto of open regionalism. At the beginning of the 21st century, however, with the election of governments aligned with the left of the south-american political spectrum, regionalism passed by a process of resignification in which regional integration came to be understood as a tool for building a commercial space and also as an another mechanism for creating and implementing regional public policies. In this context, there was an institutional review process in the MERCOSUR, marked by the incorporation of several political and economic sectors to the institutionality of the sub-regional bloc, among which is family farming, in the scope of the Specialized Meeting on Family Farming of MERCOSUR (REAF). Considering the presented, this master’s dissertation conducts a study of the REAF as a regional integration experience, presenting its creation process, the key actors involved and the evolution of its agenda, with an analytical focus on the interaction dynamics between the governments and the rural organizations. In methodological terms, it is a qualitative study, fundamentally based on the REAF's minutes and annexes, official MERCOSUR’s documents, reports produced by the governments and international organizations involved, and observations made in field research. It aims that the analysis of the REAF case may contribute to the identification and understanding of the factors that, even in the face of a scenario apparently favorable to deepening integration, have resulted in the perpetuation of intergovernmental logic and the difficulties of strengthening and deepening of MERCOSUR.
The Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) was created in the 1990s as a mechanism to integrate its members into the global economy, in the contexto of open regionalism. At the beginning of the 21st century, however, with the election of governments aligned with the left of the south-american political spectrum, regionalism passed by a process of resignification in which regional integration came to be understood as a tool for building a commercial space and also as an another mechanism for creating and implementing regional public policies. In this context, there was an institutional review process in the MERCOSUR, marked by the incorporation of several political and economic sectors to the institutionality of the sub-regional bloc, among which is family farming, in the scope of the Specialized Meeting on Family Farming of MERCOSUR (REAF). Considering the presented, this master’s dissertation conducts a study of the REAF as a regional integration experience, presenting its creation process, the key actors involved and the evolution of its agenda, with an analytical focus on the interaction dynamics between the governments and the rural organizations. In methodological terms, it is a qualitative study, fundamentally based on the REAF's minutes and annexes, official MERCOSUR’s documents, reports produced by the governments and international organizations involved, and observations made in field research. It aims that the analysis of the REAF case may contribute to the identification and understanding of the factors that, even in the face of a scenario apparently favorable to deepening integration, have resulted in the perpetuation of intergovernmental logic and the difficulties of strengthening and deepening of MERCOSUR.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Integração regional, Mercosul, Agricultura familiar, Organizações sociais do campo, Regional integration, Mercosur, Family farming, Rural organizations