Novos materiais para células solares sensibilizadas por corantes
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Data
2017-02-03
Autores
Congiu, Mirko [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este projeto consiste na produção e estudo das propriedades de novos materiais para a otimização de células solares sensibilizadas por corante (DSSC) baseadas em filmes de TiO2 nanoestruturado e corantes da família do N3. A pesquisa foi focada no estudo e na otimização de novos contra elétrodos baseados em CuS e CoS nanoestruturados, os quais apresentam grande interesse no setor de pesquisa e desenvolvimento industrial, pelas suas promissoras características eletrocatalíticas e pelos seus baixos custos. Além da obtenção das nanopartículas de CuS e CoS pela técnica hidrotermal assistida por micro-ondas, um grande esforço foi feito a fim de obter tintas precursoras ideais para a deposição dos filmes de CuS e CoS pela técnica de screen-printing, compatível com as modernas linhas de produção industriais. Portanto, foram desenvolvidos e otimizados métodos simples, rápidos e de baixo custo para obter filmes finos dos materiais estudados. Em particular tivemos um grande sucesso utilizando a estratégia do precursor químico dissolvido em solventes. Na primeira aplicação deste método, um precursor químico (Co(II) dietilditiocarbamato) foi utilizado em tintas à base de CH2Cl2. Foram obtidos elétrodos de CoS nanocristalinos e de alta eficiência. Todavia o uso do solvente orgânico clorado não é muito apropriado para grandes superfícies. Portanto, desenvolvemos um método baseado num precursor químico do CoS hidrossolúvel e de baixa toxidade. Com este método aprimorado foram obtidos bons resultados em termos de estabilidade e eficiência. Os contra elétrodos desenvolvidos com nossos métodos foram testados com pares redox alternativos tais como Co2+/Co3+ e ferroceno. Tal aplicação resultou muito promissora e inédita na literatura. Os elétrodos foram caracterizados através ciclovoltammetria e impedância eletroquímica e testados em condição de estresse físico e eletroquímico. Também foi considerada a aplicação de outros materiais, menos tóxicos tais como o oxido de ferro, obtido por precursor químico e por eletrodeposição. Além dos materiais descritos acima, neste doutorado, foi desenvolvida também um equipamento automático para realizar contemporaneamente eletrodeposição, dipcoating e SILAR (Sucessive Ionic Layers Adsorption and Reaction). O equipamento foi inventado e construído no nosso laboratório (LNMD) na UNESP. A nossa tecnologia foi depositada no INPI sob o número de deposito BR1020150274912.
This project consists of the production and study of new materials for the optimization of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) based on nanostructured TiO2. The research was focused on the design and optimization of new counter electrodes based on CuS and CoS nanoparticles, which are very interesting in the research and development of DSSC, due to their promising electrochemical characteristics and for their lower costs. Along with the hydrothermal technique assisted by microwave, a great effort was made to obtain optimum precursor inks for deposition of CuS and CoS films by screen-printing technique, compatible with modern industrial production lines. Hereby facile, inexpensive and rapid methods for thin films have been developed and optimized for the deposition of CuS and CoS layers. In particular, we developed a chemical precursor process using solvent-based inks. In the first application of this approach, a chemical precursor CoS (Co (II) diethyldithiocarbamate) was used in CH2Cl2. Nanocrystalline CoS electrodes and high efficiency have been obtained, however the use of chlorinated organic solvent is not very suitable for large surfaces. Therefore, we developed a method based on a water-soluble (WS) chemical precursor. Good results have been obtained, in terms of stability and efficiency, with the WS precursor. The counter electrode developed with our methods were tested with alternative redox pairs such as Co2+/Co3+ and ferrocene. Such an application of CuS and CoS electrodes resulted very promising and not described so far in the literature. The electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance; and tested in physical and electrochemical stress conditions. The use of other materials, less toxic such as iron oxide, obtained by electrodeposition and chemical precursor has been considered. In addition to the study of new materials, in this PhD thesis, an automatic equipment to perform simultaneously electroplating, dip coating and SILAR (Sucessive Layers Ionic Adsorption and Reaction) has been developed. The equipment was invented and built in our laboratory (LNMD) at UNESP. Our technology has been deposited with the INPI patent: BR1020150274912.
This project consists of the production and study of new materials for the optimization of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) based on nanostructured TiO2. The research was focused on the design and optimization of new counter electrodes based on CuS and CoS nanoparticles, which are very interesting in the research and development of DSSC, due to their promising electrochemical characteristics and for their lower costs. Along with the hydrothermal technique assisted by microwave, a great effort was made to obtain optimum precursor inks for deposition of CuS and CoS films by screen-printing technique, compatible with modern industrial production lines. Hereby facile, inexpensive and rapid methods for thin films have been developed and optimized for the deposition of CuS and CoS layers. In particular, we developed a chemical precursor process using solvent-based inks. In the first application of this approach, a chemical precursor CoS (Co (II) diethyldithiocarbamate) was used in CH2Cl2. Nanocrystalline CoS electrodes and high efficiency have been obtained, however the use of chlorinated organic solvent is not very suitable for large surfaces. Therefore, we developed a method based on a water-soluble (WS) chemical precursor. Good results have been obtained, in terms of stability and efficiency, with the WS precursor. The counter electrode developed with our methods were tested with alternative redox pairs such as Co2+/Co3+ and ferrocene. Such an application of CuS and CoS electrodes resulted very promising and not described so far in the literature. The electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance; and tested in physical and electrochemical stress conditions. The use of other materials, less toxic such as iron oxide, obtained by electrodeposition and chemical precursor has been considered. In addition to the study of new materials, in this PhD thesis, an automatic equipment to perform simultaneously electroplating, dip coating and SILAR (Sucessive Layers Ionic Adsorption and Reaction) has been developed. The equipment was invented and built in our laboratory (LNMD) at UNESP. Our technology has been deposited with the INPI patent: BR1020150274912.
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Palavras-chave
Células solares, Energia solar, Sulfetos