Levantamento de mosca-branca associada às plantas ornamentais e hortaliças e caracterização de seus endossimbiontes
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2017-01-23
Autores
Moraes, Letícia Aparecida de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), é um complexo composto por pelo menos 37 espécies crípticas e representa uma das mais importantes pragas agrícolas do mundo, já que é um inseto altamente polifago e considerado um supervector de vírus, uma vez que sozinho é capaz de transmitir mais de 300 espécies, como os begomovírus (gênero Begomovirus, família Geminiviridae) e crinivírus (gênero Crinivirus, família Closteroviridae). Mais de duas décadas depois que a espécie B. tabaci Middle East Asia Menor 1 (MEAM1, biótipo B) invadiu e se estabeleceu no Brasil através de plantas ornamentais, a presença da B. tabaci especie Mediterranean (MED, biótipo Q) foi relatada pela primeira vez no Rio Grande do Sul em 2014, e, recentemente, nos estados de São Paulo e Paraná. Em 2015, espécimes de moscas-brancas coletadas em cultivos comerciais protegidos de begônias, hortênsias, petúnias e poinsettias em São Paulo, bem como de begônias e poinsetias de floriculturas e Capsicum spp. associado a Emilia fosbergii em estufas usadas anteriormente para poinsettia no Paraná, foram todos identificados como pertencentes a espécie MED. Adicionalmente, os endosimbiontes secundários identificados foram Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella e Rickettsia foram detectados por PCR e confirmados por sequenciamento e análise de FISH, divergindo dos encontrados nas moscas MED do Rio Grande do Sul, as quais abrigavam Hamiltonella e Cardinium. Em 2015, portanto, a primeira pesquisa no Estado de São Paulo revelou que a espécie MED estava presente apenas em cultivos protegidos de ornamentais e floriculturas, ou seja, associadas a ornamentais. Em 2016, no entanto, uma segunda e mais extensa pesquisa realizada em São Paulo e Paraná mostraram que MED se espalhou por várias e importantes hortaliças, não somente em estufas, mas também para campos abertos localizados próximos de onde MED foi detectada em plantas ornamentais previamente. Os conjuntos de endossimbiontes, cujos sets foram compostos por Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella, Rickettsia e Wolbachia são diferentes também tanto da MED de São Paulo e Paraná de 2015, como da MED detectada no Rio Grande do Sul em 2014. Através da análise filogenética do gene mtCOI usando o banco de dados global de mosca-branca, os espécimes representam diferentes haplótipos divididos em dois grupos dentro da espécie MED. Além disso, neste trabalho houve o primeiro relato da presença do endossimbionte Arsenophonus infectando B. tabaci MEAM1.
Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), it is a complex consisting of at least 37 cryptic species and is one of the most important agricultural pests worldwide, since it is a highly polyphagous insect and considered a virus supervector once it alone transmits more than 300 species, such as begomovirus (genus Begomovirus, Geminiviridae family) and crinivirus (genus Crinivirus, Closteroviridae family). More than two decades after the species B. tabaci Middle East Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1, biotype B) invaded and settled in Brazil through ornamental plants, the presence of B. tabaci Mediterraneann species (MED, biotype Q) was first reported in Rio Grande do Sul in 2014, and recently in São Paulo and Paraná States. In 2015, specimens of whiteflies collected in commercial greenhouses of begonias, hydrangeas, petunias and poinsettias in São Paulo, as well as begonias and poinsettias from flower shops and Capsicum spp. associated with Emilia fosbergii in greenhouses used previously for poinsettia in Paraná, they were all identified as belonging to MED species. In addition, the identified secondary endosymbionts were Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella and Rickettsia were detected by PCR and confirmed by sequencing and FISH analysis, diverging from the set of MED from Rio Grande do Sul, which harbored Hamiltonella and Cardinium. In 2015, therefore, the first research in São Paulo revealed that the MED species was present only in greenhouses of ornamentals and flower shops, associated with ornamental. In 2016, however, a second and more extensive research conducted in São Paulo and Paraná showed that MED has spread to several important vegetables, not only in greenhouses, but also to open fields located close to where MED was detected in ornamental plants previously. The endosymbionts, whose sets were composed of Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella, Rickettsia and Wolbachia are also different from both the MED of São Paulo and Paraná in 2015, and the MED of Rio Grande do Sul in 2014. Through phylogenetic analysis of gene mtCOI using the whitefly global database, specimens has shown to represent different haplotypes divided into two groups within the species MED. In addition, this study was the first report of Arsenophonus endosymbiont present infecting B. tabaci MEAM1.
Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), it is a complex consisting of at least 37 cryptic species and is one of the most important agricultural pests worldwide, since it is a highly polyphagous insect and considered a virus supervector once it alone transmits more than 300 species, such as begomovirus (genus Begomovirus, Geminiviridae family) and crinivirus (genus Crinivirus, Closteroviridae family). More than two decades after the species B. tabaci Middle East Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1, biotype B) invaded and settled in Brazil through ornamental plants, the presence of B. tabaci Mediterraneann species (MED, biotype Q) was first reported in Rio Grande do Sul in 2014, and recently in São Paulo and Paraná States. In 2015, specimens of whiteflies collected in commercial greenhouses of begonias, hydrangeas, petunias and poinsettias in São Paulo, as well as begonias and poinsettias from flower shops and Capsicum spp. associated with Emilia fosbergii in greenhouses used previously for poinsettia in Paraná, they were all identified as belonging to MED species. In addition, the identified secondary endosymbionts were Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella and Rickettsia were detected by PCR and confirmed by sequencing and FISH analysis, diverging from the set of MED from Rio Grande do Sul, which harbored Hamiltonella and Cardinium. In 2015, therefore, the first research in São Paulo revealed that the MED species was present only in greenhouses of ornamentals and flower shops, associated with ornamental. In 2016, however, a second and more extensive research conducted in São Paulo and Paraná showed that MED has spread to several important vegetables, not only in greenhouses, but also to open fields located close to where MED was detected in ornamental plants previously. The endosymbionts, whose sets were composed of Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella, Rickettsia and Wolbachia are also different from both the MED of São Paulo and Paraná in 2015, and the MED of Rio Grande do Sul in 2014. Through phylogenetic analysis of gene mtCOI using the whitefly global database, specimens has shown to represent different haplotypes divided into two groups within the species MED. In addition, this study was the first report of Arsenophonus endosymbiont present infecting B. tabaci MEAM1.
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Palavras-chave
Bemisia tabaci, mtCOI, MED, MEAM1, Dinâmica populacional