Estudo fitoquímico de Vernonia ferruginea: abordagens alelopáticas e metabolômicas
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Data
2017-02-20
Autores
Amaral, Carita Liberato do [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As condições ambientais, assim como o contraste sazonal nas fitofisionomias do Cerrado entre a época seca e úmida colaboram para a diversificada sintetize e seleção de metabólitos secundários em plantas. Os metabólitos secundários atuam como uma interface química entre plantas e o meio, desta forma a sua síntese pode ser comumente alterada pelas condições ambientais. Fatores como temperatura, disponibilidade hídrica, luminosidade, características do solo, nutrientes e poluição atuam diretamente sobre a produção e liberação desses compostos. Os microrganismos do solo podem transformar os compostos tóxicos liberados, desativando-os ou dando origem a compostos ainda mais tóxicos, assim como esses compostos podem alterar as características e atributos do solo quando presentes em quantidades adequadas. Dentre as plantas nativas do Cerrado destaca-se a espécie Vernonia ferruginea, uma agressiva infestante de pastagem, que possui indícios de produção de compostos com potencial tóxico. Desta forma, esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida para verificar a atividade tóxica de V. ferruginea e se a mudança de algumas características como disponibilidade hídrica, tipo de solo, condições de luminosidade e concentração de alumínio no solo influenciam a produção desses compostos. Para tal, plantas de V. ferruginea foram desenvolvidas sobre diferentes condições para posterior extração e/ou fracionamento do material vegetal para verificação de atividade biológica por meio de bioensaios e identificação de grupos químicos. Considerando os resultados dos parâmetros de germinabilidade e de desenvolvimento das espécies testadas é possível indagar sobre a possibilidade de V. ferruginea ter a capacidade de liberar substâncias tóxicas, uma vez que, consequências diretas da presença desses compostos nos extratos foram verificadas no bioensaio, como: a inibição/redução da germinação de sementes, injúria ou necrose no sistema radicular e redução do desenvolvimento e do acúmulo de massa seca das plântulas. Os resultados também dão base para constatar que algumas interações da espécie com as alterações nas suas condições de desenvolvimento causam desvios de rotas biossintética de metabólitos modificando e/ou potencializando sua capacidade fitotóxico.
The environmental conditions, as well as the seasonal contrast in the Cerrado phytophysiognomies between the dry and wet seasons, contribute to the diversified synthesis and selection of secondary metabolites in plants. Secondary metabolites act as a chemical interface between plants and the environment, so their synthesis can be commonly altered by environmental conditions. Factors such as temperature, water availability, luminosity, soil characteristics, nutrients and pollution act directly on the production and release of these compounds. Soil microorganisms can transform the released toxic compounds, deactivating them or giving rise to even more toxic compounds, as these compounds can alter the characteristics and attributes of the soil when present in adequate amounts. Among the native plants of the Cerrado, the species Vernonia ferruginea, an aggressive pasture weed, stands out, with indications of production of compounds with toxic potential. Thus, this research was developed to verify the toxic activity of V. ferruginea and if the change of some characteristics such as water availability, soil type, light conditions and aluminum concentration in the soil influence the production of these compounds. For this, plants of V. ferruginea were developed on different conditions for later extraction and / or fractionation of the vegetal material for verification of biological activity by means of bioassays and identification of chemical groups. Considering the results of the parameters of germinability and development of the tested species it is possible to inquire about the possibility of V. ferruginea being able to release toxic substances, since direct consequences of the presence of these compounds in the extracts were verified in the bioassay, such as: The inhibition / reduction of seed germination, injury or necrosis in the root system and reduction of the development and accumulation of dry mass of the seedlings. The results also provide evidence that some interactions of the species with changes in their developmental conditions cause biosynthetic pathway deviations of metabolites modifying and / or potentiating their phytotoxic capacity.
The environmental conditions, as well as the seasonal contrast in the Cerrado phytophysiognomies between the dry and wet seasons, contribute to the diversified synthesis and selection of secondary metabolites in plants. Secondary metabolites act as a chemical interface between plants and the environment, so their synthesis can be commonly altered by environmental conditions. Factors such as temperature, water availability, luminosity, soil characteristics, nutrients and pollution act directly on the production and release of these compounds. Soil microorganisms can transform the released toxic compounds, deactivating them or giving rise to even more toxic compounds, as these compounds can alter the characteristics and attributes of the soil when present in adequate amounts. Among the native plants of the Cerrado, the species Vernonia ferruginea, an aggressive pasture weed, stands out, with indications of production of compounds with toxic potential. Thus, this research was developed to verify the toxic activity of V. ferruginea and if the change of some characteristics such as water availability, soil type, light conditions and aluminum concentration in the soil influence the production of these compounds. For this, plants of V. ferruginea were developed on different conditions for later extraction and / or fractionation of the vegetal material for verification of biological activity by means of bioassays and identification of chemical groups. Considering the results of the parameters of germinability and development of the tested species it is possible to inquire about the possibility of V. ferruginea being able to release toxic substances, since direct consequences of the presence of these compounds in the extracts were verified in the bioassay, such as: The inhibition / reduction of seed germination, injury or necrosis in the root system and reduction of the development and accumulation of dry mass of the seedlings. The results also provide evidence that some interactions of the species with changes in their developmental conditions cause biosynthetic pathway deviations of metabolites modifying and / or potentiating their phytotoxic capacity.
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Palavras-chave
Atividade biológica, Compostos secundários, Ecologia funcional, Ecologia química, Extratos vegetais, Planta daninha, Biological activity, Secondary compounds, Functional ecology, Chemical ecology, Plant extracts, Weed