Efeito das características estruturais do amido no metabolismo e crescimento do pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus
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Data
2017-02-23
Autores
Farias, Carolina Vasconcelos Tavares de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Em peixes, a utilização dos carboidratos da dieta pode variar em função da fonte e características estruturais do amido. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dietas com diferentes quantidades de amilose e amilopectina no metabolismo de carboidratos e desempenho produtivo de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Os animais foram alojados (n = 216) em 24 caixas de polietileno (100-L) e alimentados três vezes por dia até a saciedade aparente durante 90 dias. O experimento foi conduzido em um delineamento em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos (dietas experimentais): T1 - 0,5/38,7; T2 - 6,9/32,6; T3 - 10,3/29,5; T4 - 20,4/18,6; T5 - 27,3/11,0 e T6 - 28,4/9,8 (% de amilose e % de amilopectina, respectivamente) e quatro blocos (faixa de peso), sendo cada bloco considerado como uma repetição. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a ANOVA e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (5%). Melhor peso final, ganho de peso, taxa de crescimento especifico, conversão alimentar, taxa de eficiência proteica e atividade da amilase foram observadas nos peixes que receberam as dietas com menor quantidade de amilose (até 6,9%). As reservas de lipídio muscular, lipídeo hepático e índice hepatossomático foram mais elevadas nos peixes que receberam a dieta com a 38,7% de amilopectina. Dentre os indicadores das vias metabólicas, a atividade hepática da glicoquinase foi maior nos peixes que receberam essas dietas com maior percentagem de amilopectina. Na composição corporal o extrato etéreo foi maior nos animais da dieta com mais amilopectina. De forma geral, dietas com mais de 74% de amilopectina resultaram em melhores índices zootécnicos e maior estoque energético, sugerindo melhor aproveitamento do carboidrato amiláceo da dieta.
In fish, the use of dietary carbohydrates may vary depending on the source and structural characteristics of the starch. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of diets with different levels of amylose and amylopectin, in carbohydrate metabolism and productive performance of juveniles of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). The animals were stocked (n = 216) in 24 polyethylene (100-L) boxes and fed three times daily to apparent satiety for 90 days. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with six treatments (experimental diets): T1 - 0,5/38,7; T2 - 6.9/32.6; T3 - 10.3/29.5; T4 - 20.4/18.6; T5 - 27.3/11.0 and T6 - 28.4/9.8 (% amylose and% amylopectin, respectively) and four blocks (weight range), each block being considered as a replicate. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%) for means comparisons. Better final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion, protein efficiency rate and amylase activity were observed in fish fed diets with less amylose (up to 6.9%). Muscle lipid, hepatic lipid and hepatosomatic index were higher in fish that received a diet of 38.7% amylopectin. Among the indicators of the metabolic pathways, a hepatic glycokinase activity was higher in the fish that received diets with more than 47% of amylopectin. In the body composition, ether extract percentage was higher in the animals of the diet with more amylopectin. In general, diets with more than 74% of amylopectin resulted in better zootechnical indexes and higher energy supply, suggesting a better use of the dietary starch.
In fish, the use of dietary carbohydrates may vary depending on the source and structural characteristics of the starch. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of diets with different levels of amylose and amylopectin, in carbohydrate metabolism and productive performance of juveniles of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). The animals were stocked (n = 216) in 24 polyethylene (100-L) boxes and fed three times daily to apparent satiety for 90 days. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with six treatments (experimental diets): T1 - 0,5/38,7; T2 - 6.9/32.6; T3 - 10.3/29.5; T4 - 20.4/18.6; T5 - 27.3/11.0 and T6 - 28.4/9.8 (% amylose and% amylopectin, respectively) and four blocks (weight range), each block being considered as a replicate. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%) for means comparisons. Better final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion, protein efficiency rate and amylase activity were observed in fish fed diets with less amylose (up to 6.9%). Muscle lipid, hepatic lipid and hepatosomatic index were higher in fish that received a diet of 38.7% amylopectin. Among the indicators of the metabolic pathways, a hepatic glycokinase activity was higher in the fish that received diets with more than 47% of amylopectin. In the body composition, ether extract percentage was higher in the animals of the diet with more amylopectin. In general, diets with more than 74% of amylopectin resulted in better zootechnical indexes and higher energy supply, suggesting a better use of the dietary starch.
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Palavras-chave
Amido, Crescimento, Metabolismo, Nutrição, Peixe