Bullying: características desencadeadoras na opinião de universitários
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Data
2017-03-24
Autores
Galli, Mariana Vicente [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O corpo, a mente, o cérebro e o comportamento humano passaram, ao longo do tempo, por pressões evolutivas, ou seja, alguns mecanismos foram mantidos e aprimorados com a seleção natural. Desta forma, o comportamento humano seria o resultado do predisposto biologicamente e a influência do ambiente. Assim, alguns comportamentos foram mantidos como, por exemplo, a tendência de viver em grupos que podem tanto beneficiar o indivíduo quanto distorcer e fazer com que o mesmo abandone suas concepções e ideais. O preconceito, o estigma e o estereotipo são exemplos de situações em que o sujeito enfrenta dificuldade na interação grupal. Há de se considerar também que, quando este indivíduo deseja realmente fazer parte do grupo, o mesmo é capaz de manipular seus comportamentos a fim de convergir com o grupo, modificando assim a sua imagem pública. O bullying também pode ser apontado com uma situação em que ocorre a dificuldade de ajustamento grupal, caracterizado por agressões, ações desrespeitosas e assédios, que ocorram de maneira recorrente e intencional sem uma motivação específica do agressor. Desta forma, esta pesquisa se justificou pela necessidade de se compreender por que alguns indivíduos são mais vulneráveis ou propícios a serem vítimas de bullying, e assim evoluir o conhecimento sobre o fenômeno, para se obter um recurso a mais no campo científico, bem como a possibilidade de intervenção e prevenção no âmbito social. Desta maneira, objetivou-se investigar qualitativa e quantitativamente quais as características das vítimas de bullying, com distinção entre homens e mulheres em diferentes fases do ciclo vital, que desencadeiam tais práticas na opinião de universitários. Participaram 76 universitários (38 homens e 38 mulheres), com faixa etária de 17-29 anos, que estavam no primeiro e segundo ano de faculdade, nos cursos de Psicologia, Engenharia Elétrica, Biologia e Jornalismo, de uma faculdade pública do interior de São Paulo. Utilizou-se como instrumento um questionário elaborado pelos pesquisadores, que buscou obter características femininas e masculinas, que os participantes julgavam desencadear as práticas de bullying na escola no Ensino Fundamental II (9º ano) / Ensino Médias (1ª a 3ª série) e Ensino Superior. Como resultado observou-se que as mulheres obtiveram maior variabilidade ao mencionarem as características, em relação aos homens. Notou-se que no passado (Ensino Médio) as características estavam relacionadas a aspectos psicológicos, sociais e, sobretudo físicos, enquanto no presente (Ensino Superior) houve prevalência de aspectos psicológicos e social. As cinco características mais citadas no passado foram: gordo, homossexualidade, racismo, nerd, comportamento sexual livre. No presente foram: ideologia, homossexualidade, comportamento sexual livre, racismo e classe social. Outro ponto foi que as mulheres apresentaram mais facilidade para mencionar características de ambos os sexos, enquanto os homens apresentaram mais aptidão para mencionarem características relacionadas ao próprio sexo. Como conclusão, o estudo apontou que as marcas ou sinais que desencadeiam as práticas de bullying são reais, além de comprovar que a distinção de gênero ligada às características das vítimas de bullying, está relacionada a fatores biológicos que se acentuam quando analisados sob uma perspectiva cultural. Também se confirmou a existência de características específicas que vulnerabilizam o indivíduo, além de se observar que a práticas hostis também ocorrem na universidade, sendo necessários projetos para promoção de práticas de respeito e aceitação das diferenças.
The body, mind, brain and human behavior have, over time, passed through evolutionary pressures, that is, some mechanisms have been maintained and improved with natural selection. In this way, human behavior would be the result of biological predisposition and the influence of the environment. Thus, some behaviors have been maintained, such as the tendency to live in groups that can both benefit the individual and distort them and cause them to abandon their conceptions and ideals. Prejudice, stigma and stereotype are examples of situations in which the subject faces difficulty in group interaction. It must also be considered that when this individual really wants to be part of the group, he is able to manipulate his behavior in order to converge with the group, thus modifying his public image. Bullying can also be pointed out with a situation in which the difficulty of group adjustment occurs, characterized by aggressions, disrespectful actions and harassment that occur in a recurrent and intentional way without a specific motivation of the aggressor. Thus, this research was justified by the need to understand why some individuals are more vulnerable or susceptible to be victims of bullying, and thus to evolve the knowledge about the phenomenon, to obtain an additional resource in the scientific field, as well as Possibility of intervention and prevention in the social sphere. In this way, the objective was to investigate qualitatively and quantitatively the characteristics of victims of bullying, with a distinction between men and women in different phases of the life cycle, that trigger such practices in the opinion of university students. Participants were 76 university students (38 men and 38 women), aged 17-29, who were in the first and second year of college, in the Psychology, Electrical Engineering, Biology and Journalism courses of a public college in the interior of São Paulo. A questionnaire developed by the researchers was used as instrument, that sought to obtain feminine and masculine characteristics, that the participants judged to initiate the bullying practices in the school in Elementary School II (9th grade) / Teaching Medium (1st to 3rd grade) and Higher Education. As a result, it was observed that women obtained greater variability when mentioning characteristics, in relation to men. It was noted that in the past (Teaching Medium) the characteristics were related to psychological, social and, above all, physical aspects, while in the present (Higher Education) there was a prevalence of psychological and social aspects. The five characteristics most cited in the past were: fat, homosexuality, racism, nerd, free sexual behavior. At present they were: ideology, homosexuality, free sexual behavior, racism and social class. Another point was that women were easier to mention characteristics of both sexes, while men were more apt to mention characteristics related to their sex. In conclusion, the study pointed out that the marks or signs that trigger the practices of bullying are real, besides proving that the gender distinction related to the characteristics of the victims of bullying, are related to biological factors that are accentuated when analyzed from a cultural perspective. It was also confirmed the existence of specific characteristics that vulnerabilize the individual, besides observing that hostile practices also occur in the university, and projects are needed to promote practices of respect and acceptance of differences.
The body, mind, brain and human behavior have, over time, passed through evolutionary pressures, that is, some mechanisms have been maintained and improved with natural selection. In this way, human behavior would be the result of biological predisposition and the influence of the environment. Thus, some behaviors have been maintained, such as the tendency to live in groups that can both benefit the individual and distort them and cause them to abandon their conceptions and ideals. Prejudice, stigma and stereotype are examples of situations in which the subject faces difficulty in group interaction. It must also be considered that when this individual really wants to be part of the group, he is able to manipulate his behavior in order to converge with the group, thus modifying his public image. Bullying can also be pointed out with a situation in which the difficulty of group adjustment occurs, characterized by aggressions, disrespectful actions and harassment that occur in a recurrent and intentional way without a specific motivation of the aggressor. Thus, this research was justified by the need to understand why some individuals are more vulnerable or susceptible to be victims of bullying, and thus to evolve the knowledge about the phenomenon, to obtain an additional resource in the scientific field, as well as Possibility of intervention and prevention in the social sphere. In this way, the objective was to investigate qualitatively and quantitatively the characteristics of victims of bullying, with a distinction between men and women in different phases of the life cycle, that trigger such practices in the opinion of university students. Participants were 76 university students (38 men and 38 women), aged 17-29, who were in the first and second year of college, in the Psychology, Electrical Engineering, Biology and Journalism courses of a public college in the interior of São Paulo. A questionnaire developed by the researchers was used as instrument, that sought to obtain feminine and masculine characteristics, that the participants judged to initiate the bullying practices in the school in Elementary School II (9th grade) / Teaching Medium (1st to 3rd grade) and Higher Education. As a result, it was observed that women obtained greater variability when mentioning characteristics, in relation to men. It was noted that in the past (Teaching Medium) the characteristics were related to psychological, social and, above all, physical aspects, while in the present (Higher Education) there was a prevalence of psychological and social aspects. The five characteristics most cited in the past were: fat, homosexuality, racism, nerd, free sexual behavior. At present they were: ideology, homosexuality, free sexual behavior, racism and social class. Another point was that women were easier to mention characteristics of both sexes, while men were more apt to mention characteristics related to their sex. In conclusion, the study pointed out that the marks or signs that trigger the practices of bullying are real, besides proving that the gender distinction related to the characteristics of the victims of bullying, are related to biological factors that are accentuated when analyzed from a cultural perspective. It was also confirmed the existence of specific characteristics that vulnerabilize the individual, besides observing that hostile practices also occur in the university, and projects are needed to promote practices of respect and acceptance of differences.
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Palavras-chave
Bullying, Genre, Gênero, Universities, Universitários, Victimization, Vitimização