Mudança no uso do solo e emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) em diferentes coberturas vegetais na caatinga brasileira
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Data
2017-03-03
Autores
Ribeiro, Kelly [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, possíveis alterações no padrão de emissão de gases de efeito estufa (CO2, CH4 e N2O) associadas à substituição da cobertura vegetal nativa por sistemas agropastoris no bioma Caatinga, durante os anos de 2013 e 2014. Esta região apresenta características fisionômicas únicas e abrange 11 % do território do país (850.000 km2) . Comportando 27 milhões de pessoas, a Caatinga é considerada a região semiárida mais populosa do mundo, o que a deixa vulnerável a processos de uso intensificados dos recursos naturais, resultando em graves problemas ambientais de degradação do solo e mudança da cobertura e uso da terra. A agropecuária se destaca como a principal atividade da população rural e impulsiona a mudança sistemática da vegetação nativa por sistemas agropastoris que atualmente cobrem cerca de 27 % do bioma Caatinga (201.786 m²) . Esta drástica alteração na cobertura do solo, em condições de baixa disponibilidade nutricional nos solos e irregularidade na distribuição anual da precipitação, leva à degradação do meio com efeitos diretos na dinâmica dos fluxos de CO2, CH4 e N2O. Este experimento foi realizado no município de São João, Pernambuco (8°52’30”S, 36°22’00”O), em neossolo regolítico com textura predominantemente arenosa. As coletas foram realizadas em 2013 e 2014, nas estações secas e chuvosas, afim de se observar a influência sazonal no processo de formação dos gases. Os fluxos foram medidos utilizando câmaras estáticas de PVC com coleta de amostras em períodos de 30 minutos por câmara, em solos cobertos por vegetação nativa e pastagem, distribuídos em 3 blocos (repetições) para cada estação. Os resultados mostram fluxos médios de N2O de 0,3± 0,03 mg.m2.d-1 na área coberta por pastagem e 0,23± 0,02 mg.m2.d-1 na área coberta por vegetação nativa, e e não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre eles. As maiores emissões de N2O foram observadas nas estações secas, mostrando a forte influencia da temperatura no ciclo do nitrogênio. As emissões médias de CO2 foram de 6,1± 3,6 mg.m2.d-1 e 6,1± 3,7 mg.m2.d-1 na pastagem e Caatinga, respectivamente. As maiores emissões de CO2 foram observadas na área coberta com Caatinga em 2013, que foram influenciados significativamente pela temperatura do solo, mostrando uma relação inversamente proporcional. Os fluxos de metano variaram de 0,4± 0,2 mg.m2.d-1 e 0,3± 0,1 mg.m2.d-1 no pasto e Caatinga, respectivamente. Os fluxos apresentarem grandes variações ao longo do experimento, sofrendo influencia significativa das condições edáficas e ambientais do meio.
The present work had as objective to evaluate possible changes in the greenhouse gas emission pattern associated with the replacement of native vegetation cover by agropastoral systems in the Caatinga biome during the years of 2013 and 2014. This region has unique physiognomic characteristics and covers 11% of the country's territory (850,000 km2). With 27 million people, the Caatinga is considered the most populous semi-arid region in the world, leaving it vulnerable to intensified natural resource use processes, resulting in serious environmental problems of land degradation and land cover and land use change. Agriculture stands out as the main activity of the rural population and promotes the systematic change of native vegetation by agropastoral systems that currently cover about 27% of the Caatinga biome (201,786 m²). This drastic change in soil cover, under conditions of low nutritional availability in soils and irregularity in the annual distribution of precipitation, leads to the degradation of the environment with direct effects on the dynamics of CO2, CH4 and N2O flows. This experiment was carried out in the municipality of São João, Pernambuco (8 ° 52'30 "S, 36 ° 22'00" W), in a regolithic soil with predominantly sandy texture. The collections were carried out in 2013 and 2014, in the dry and rainy seasons, in order to observe the seasonal influence on the gas formation process. The flows were measured using static PVC cameras with sample collection in periods of 30 minutes per chamber, in soils covered by native vegetation and pasture, distributed in 3 blocks (repetitions) for each season. The results show mean N2O flows of 0.3 ± 0.03 mg.m2.d-1 in the pasture area and 0.23 ± 0.02 mg.m2.d-1 in the area covered by native vegetation, and Did not present significant differences between them. The highest N2O emissions were observed in dry seasons, showing the strong influence of temperature on the nitrogen cycle. The average CO2 emissions were 6.1 ± 3.6 mg.m2.d-1 and 6.1 ± 3.7 mg.m2.d-1 in pasture and Caatinga, respectively. The highest CO2 emissions were observed in the area covered with Caatinga in 2013, which were significantly influenced by the soil temperature, showing an inversely proportional relation. The methane fluxes ranged from 0.4 ± 0.2 mg.m2.d-1 and 0.3 ± 0.1 mg.m2.d-1 in the pasture and Caatinga, respectively. The fluxes presented great variations throughout the experiment, suffering significant influence of the soil and environmental conditions of the environment.
The present work had as objective to evaluate possible changes in the greenhouse gas emission pattern associated with the replacement of native vegetation cover by agropastoral systems in the Caatinga biome during the years of 2013 and 2014. This region has unique physiognomic characteristics and covers 11% of the country's territory (850,000 km2). With 27 million people, the Caatinga is considered the most populous semi-arid region in the world, leaving it vulnerable to intensified natural resource use processes, resulting in serious environmental problems of land degradation and land cover and land use change. Agriculture stands out as the main activity of the rural population and promotes the systematic change of native vegetation by agropastoral systems that currently cover about 27% of the Caatinga biome (201,786 m²). This drastic change in soil cover, under conditions of low nutritional availability in soils and irregularity in the annual distribution of precipitation, leads to the degradation of the environment with direct effects on the dynamics of CO2, CH4 and N2O flows. This experiment was carried out in the municipality of São João, Pernambuco (8 ° 52'30 "S, 36 ° 22'00" W), in a regolithic soil with predominantly sandy texture. The collections were carried out in 2013 and 2014, in the dry and rainy seasons, in order to observe the seasonal influence on the gas formation process. The flows were measured using static PVC cameras with sample collection in periods of 30 minutes per chamber, in soils covered by native vegetation and pasture, distributed in 3 blocks (repetitions) for each season. The results show mean N2O flows of 0.3 ± 0.03 mg.m2.d-1 in the pasture area and 0.23 ± 0.02 mg.m2.d-1 in the area covered by native vegetation, and Did not present significant differences between them. The highest N2O emissions were observed in dry seasons, showing the strong influence of temperature on the nitrogen cycle. The average CO2 emissions were 6.1 ± 3.6 mg.m2.d-1 and 6.1 ± 3.7 mg.m2.d-1 in pasture and Caatinga, respectively. The highest CO2 emissions were observed in the area covered with Caatinga in 2013, which were significantly influenced by the soil temperature, showing an inversely proportional relation. The methane fluxes ranged from 0.4 ± 0.2 mg.m2.d-1 and 0.3 ± 0.1 mg.m2.d-1 in the pasture and Caatinga, respectively. The fluxes presented great variations throughout the experiment, suffering significant influence of the soil and environmental conditions of the environment.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Caatinga, Pastagem, Gases de efeito estufa, Mudança no uso do solo, Pasture, Greenhouse gases (GHG), Land use/cover changes