Aquisição da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walper)
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Data
2017-01-27
Autores
Moreno, Leticia de Aguila [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) é uma espécie relativamente bem estudada, contudo faltam informações sobre a aquisição da qualidade fisiológica ao longo da maturação. Determinar o período em que cada componente da qualidade fisiológica é adquirido permite um ajuste no momento ideal da colheita e consequentemente uma colheita no período em que a semente se encontra com o máximo de qualidade fisiológica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo, determinar quando sementes de Vigna unguiculata adquirem qualidade fisiológica, incluindo a aquisição de tolerância à dessecação e a longevidade. O estudo foi realizado na Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Laboratório de Análise de Sementes - Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal (DPMV), Campus de Botucatu-SP. A produção de sementes foi realizada em abril de 2015, seguida de coleta e caracterização morfológica das sementes nos estádios reprodutivos 17, 20, 23, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37 e 40 dias após a antese (DAA). Para cada estádio foi determinado o teor de água, massa fresca, massa seca, germinação e vigor nas sementes frescas. Em seguida sementes foram submetidas a secagem e foi realizado o teste de germinação para se determinar a aquisição de tolerância à dessecação. As sementes secas foram então armazenadas à 35°C e 75% umidade relativa, para caracterizar a aquisição de longevidade. A qualidade fisiológica (germinação, tolerância à dessecação, vigor e longevidade) em feijão-caupi é adquirida ao longo da maturação da semente. O acúmulo de massa seca se iniciou próximo aos 17 DAA e atingiu o máximo aos 31 DAA. A germinação foi iniciada aos 28 DAA e atingiu seu máximo aos 37 DAA. A tolerância à dessecação foi iniciada a partir dos 28 DAA atingindo seu máximo aos 31 DAA. O vigor e a longevidade foram iniciados a partir dos 31 DAA apresentando seus máximos aos 37 DAA.
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a relatively well-studied specie, but lack information on the acquisition of physiological quality throughout maturation. Determine the period in which each physiologic component is obtained allows an adjustment in the optimal time of harvesting a crop and consequently the period in which seed acquire the maximum physiological quality. This study aimed to determine when Vigna unguiculata seeds acquire physiological quality, including acquisition of desiccation tolerance and longevity. The research was conducted at the Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculty of Agricultural Science - Laboratory of Seed Analysis - Department of Plant Breeding and Production, Botucatu-SP. Seed production was performed at the beginning of the year 2015, followed by collection and morphological characterization of the seeds in the reproductive stages 17, 20, 23, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37 and 40 days after anthesis (DAA). For each stage was determined the water content, fresh weight, dry weight, germination and vigor on fresh seeds. Then seeds were submitted to drying and carried out the germination test to determine the acquisition of desiccation tolerance and longevity. The dried seeds were then stored at 35 ° C and 75% relative humidity, to characterize the acquisition of longevity. The physiological quality (germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor and longevity) of Vigna unguiculata is acquired during seed maturation, after the maximum dry matter accumulation. The dry matter accumulation began close to 17 DAA and reached the maximum at 31 DAA. Germination was acquired at 28 DAA and reached its maximum at 37 DAA. The desiccation tolerance was acquired from 28 DAA reaching its maximum at 31 DAA. The vigor and longevity were acquired from 31 DAA showing their maximum to 37 DAA.
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a relatively well-studied specie, but lack information on the acquisition of physiological quality throughout maturation. Determine the period in which each physiologic component is obtained allows an adjustment in the optimal time of harvesting a crop and consequently the period in which seed acquire the maximum physiological quality. This study aimed to determine when Vigna unguiculata seeds acquire physiological quality, including acquisition of desiccation tolerance and longevity. The research was conducted at the Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculty of Agricultural Science - Laboratory of Seed Analysis - Department of Plant Breeding and Production, Botucatu-SP. Seed production was performed at the beginning of the year 2015, followed by collection and morphological characterization of the seeds in the reproductive stages 17, 20, 23, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37 and 40 days after anthesis (DAA). For each stage was determined the water content, fresh weight, dry weight, germination and vigor on fresh seeds. Then seeds were submitted to drying and carried out the germination test to determine the acquisition of desiccation tolerance and longevity. The dried seeds were then stored at 35 ° C and 75% relative humidity, to characterize the acquisition of longevity. The physiological quality (germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor and longevity) of Vigna unguiculata is acquired during seed maturation, after the maximum dry matter accumulation. The dry matter accumulation began close to 17 DAA and reached the maximum at 31 DAA. Germination was acquired at 28 DAA and reached its maximum at 37 DAA. The desiccation tolerance was acquired from 28 DAA reaching its maximum at 31 DAA. The vigor and longevity were acquired from 31 DAA showing their maximum to 37 DAA.
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Palavras-chave
Maturidade fisiológica, Ponto de colheita, Tolerância à dessecação, Longevidade, Physiological maturity, Harvest time, Desiccation tolerance, Longevity